{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1987531609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2013.2245128","title":"Challenges and Opportunities in Restoring Function After Paralysis","display_name":"Challenges and Opportunities in Restoring Function After Paralysis","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1987531609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2013.2245128","mag":"1987531609","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23481680"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2013.2245128","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2013.2245128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4046583","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033042840","display_name":"P. Hunter Peckham","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110978","display_name":"Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01vrybr67","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210110978","https://openalex.org/I4210127612"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. H. Peckham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, the Cleveland Functional Electrical Stimulation Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA. pxp2@case.edu","Louis Stokes Cleveland Dept. of Veterans Affairs Med. Center, Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, the Cleveland Functional Electrical Stimulation Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA. pxp2@case.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110978"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Louis Stokes Cleveland Dept. of Veterans Affairs Med. Center, Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013873685","display_name":"Kevin L. Kilgore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2642-9855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110978","display_name":"Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01vrybr67","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210110978","https://openalex.org/I4210127612"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157264","display_name":"MetroHealth Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05j4p5w63","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299218025","https://openalex.org/I4210157264"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. L. Kilgore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, the MetroHealth Medical Center, and the Cleveland Functional Electrical Stimulation Center, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA","Louis Stokes Cleveland Dept. of Veterans Affairs Med. Center, Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, the MetroHealth Medical Center, and the Cleveland Functional Electrical Stimulation Center, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110978","https://openalex.org/I58956616","https://openalex.org/I4210157264"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Louis Stokes Cleveland Dept. of Veterans Affairs Med. Center, Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0149,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93567781,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"3","first_page":"602","last_page":"609"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10925","display_name":"Spinal Cord Injury Research","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10925","display_name":"Spinal Cord Injury Research","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12459","display_name":"Nerve Injury and Rehabilitation","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinal-cord-injury","display_name":"Spinal cord injury","score":0.649345874786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spasticity","display_name":"Spasticity","score":0.6451663970947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-prosthesis","display_name":"Neural Prosthesis","score":0.5887672305107117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paralysis","display_name":"Paralysis","score":0.5519600510597229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.5455973148345947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.47498244047164917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroprosthetics","display_name":"Neuroprosthetics","score":0.4654230773448944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nervous-system","display_name":"Nervous system","score":0.46152937412261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rehabilitation","display_name":"Rehabilitation","score":0.4324505031108856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regeneration","display_name":"Regeneration (biology)","score":0.4286224842071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.37796345353126526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinal-cord","display_name":"Spinal cord","score":0.27342548966407776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.19518688321113586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.19185912609100342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.18030601739883423}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415275","display_name":"Spinal cord injury","level":3,"score":0.649345874786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779012798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117060","display_name":"Spasticity","level":2,"score":0.6451663970947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908765479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1431093","display_name":"Neural Prosthesis","level":2,"score":0.5887672305107117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779618896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107231","display_name":"Paralysis","level":2,"score":0.5519600510597229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5455973148345947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.47498244047164917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197525751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1431093","display_name":"Neuroprosthetics","level":2,"score":0.4654230773448944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545706735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9404","display_name":"Nervous system","level":2,"score":0.46152937412261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.4324505031108856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171056886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193119","display_name":"Regeneration (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4286224842071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.37796345353126526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780775167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9606","display_name":"Spinal cord","level":2,"score":0.27342548966407776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.19518688321113586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.19185912609100342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.18030601739883423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001698","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Engineering","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001698","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Engineering","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001698","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Engineering","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010243","descriptor_name":"Paralysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010243","descriptor_name":"Paralysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010243","descriptor_name":"Paralysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010243","descriptor_name":"Paralysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010243","descriptor_name":"Paralysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010243","descriptor_name":"Paralysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058117","descriptor_name":"Neural Prostheses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058117","descriptor_name":"Neural Prostheses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058117","descriptor_name":"Neural Prostheses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2013.2245128","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2013.2245128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23481680","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23481680","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4046583","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4046583","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4046583","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4046583","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1273206891","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 EB002091","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1586463128","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01-EB-002091","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2020374523","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UL1 TR000439","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","funder_display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3123644755","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01-EB-001740","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3222256725","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01-NS-069517","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4964861557","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UL1TR000439","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","funder_display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6089643691","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01 NS069517","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6247178761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 EB001740","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00372qc85"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W66991684","https://openalex.org/W1479930110","https://openalex.org/W1955981612","https://openalex.org/W1979047378","https://openalex.org/W1987880953","https://openalex.org/W2009933691","https://openalex.org/W2012924135","https://openalex.org/W2017049755","https://openalex.org/W2055336281","https://openalex.org/W2055666925","https://openalex.org/W2056225116","https://openalex.org/W2116464943","https://openalex.org/W2119908843","https://openalex.org/W2142004558","https://openalex.org/W2148081164","https://openalex.org/W2169369239","https://openalex.org/W2417277903"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386177096","https://openalex.org/W3185527278","https://openalex.org/W2082255253","https://openalex.org/W4242484341","https://openalex.org/W2188944156","https://openalex.org/W2014881693","https://openalex.org/W1991888974","https://openalex.org/W3093897916","https://openalex.org/W4210590060","https://openalex.org/W1667537225"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neurotechnology":[0],"has":[1,72,131],"made":[2],"major":[3],"advances":[4,20,75,140,168],"in":[5,16,38,76,141],"development":[6,224],"of":[7,24,29,54,102,116,127,136,143,149,154,174,193,211,274,284,293,322],"interfaces":[8,183],"to":[9,32,67,112,196,213,217,227,242,258,266,271,281,300,314],"the":[10,85,110,117,151,164,175,208,214,229,244,268,294,302],"nervous":[11,215],"system":[12,216],"that":[13,184,237],"restore":[14,68,113,319],"function":[15,26,69],"paralytic":[17,152,312],"disorders.":[18],"These":[19],"enable":[21],"both":[22],"restoration":[23,53],"voluntary":[25,55,103,260,269],"and":[27,57,92,119,121,123,156,158,178,201,220,231,255,318],"activation":[28,135],"paralyzed":[30,137],"muscles":[31],"reanimate":[33],"movement.":[34],"The":[35,65,125],"technologies":[36],"used":[37,51,61],"each":[39,292],"case":[40],"are":[41,80,161,225,240],"different,":[42],"with":[43,199,263,311],"external":[44],"surface":[45],"stimulation":[46,49],"or":[47,191],"percutaneous":[48],"generally":[50,60],"for":[52,62,248,251,308],"function,":[56,250],"implanted":[58],"stimulators":[59],"neuroprosthetic":[63],"restoration.":[64],"opportunity":[66],"through":[70,287],"neuroplasticity":[71],"demonstrated":[73,109],"significant":[74],"cases":[77,95],"where":[78,96],"there":[79,97],"retained":[81],"neural":[82,104,106,144,182,256,264],"circuits":[83],"after":[84],"injury,":[86],"such":[87],"as":[88,291],"spinal":[89],"cord":[90],"injury":[91],"stroke.":[93],"In":[94],"is":[98,277,297],"a":[99,171,278],"complete":[100],"loss":[101],"control,":[105],"prostheses":[107,265],"have":[108,206],"capacity":[111],"movement,":[114],"control":[115],"bladder":[118],"bowel,":[120],"respiration":[122],"cough.":[124],"focus":[126],"most":[128,245],"clinical":[129,167,288],"studies":[130],"been":[132,207],"primarily":[133],"toward":[134],"nerves,":[138],"but":[139,290],"inhibition":[142],"activity":[145,270],"provide":[146,232],"additional":[147],"means":[148,210,247],"addressing":[150],"complications":[153],"pain":[155],"spasticity,":[157],"these":[159,285,304],"techniques":[160,222,236,286,296],"now":[162],"reaching":[163],"clinic.":[165],"Future":[166],"necessitate":[169],"having":[170,179],"better":[172],"understanding":[173],"underlying":[176],"mechanisms,":[177],"more":[180],"precise":[181],"will":[185],"ultimately":[186],"allow":[187],"individual":[188,295],"nerve":[189,194],"fibers":[190,195],"groups":[192],"be":[197,243],"controlled":[198],"specificity":[200],"reliability.":[202],"While":[203],"electrical":[204],"currents":[205],"primary":[209],"interfacing":[212],"date,":[218],"optical":[219],"magnetic":[221],"under":[223],"beginning":[226],"reach":[228,301],"clinic,":[230,303],"great":[233,306],"opportunity.":[234],"Ultimately,":[235],"combine":[238],"approaches":[239],"likely":[241],"effective":[246],"restoring":[249],"example":[252],"combining":[253],"regeneration":[254],"plasticity":[257],"maximize":[259],"activity,":[261],"combined":[262],"augment":[267],"functional":[272],"levels":[273],"performance.":[275],"It":[276],"substantial":[279,316],"challenge":[280],"bring":[282],"any":[283],"trials,":[289],"sufficiently":[298],"developed":[299],"present":[305],"opportunities":[307],"enabling":[309],"patients":[310],"disorders":[313],"achieve":[315],"independence":[317],"their":[320],"quality":[321],"life.":[323]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}