{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2122927773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2013.2244891","title":"Engineering Challenges for Instrumenting and Controlling Integrated Organ-on-Chip Systems","display_name":"Engineering Challenges for Instrumenting and Controlling Integrated Organ-on-Chip Systems","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2122927773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2013.2244891","mag":"2122927773","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23380852"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2013.2244891","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2013.2244891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3696887","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027130614","display_name":"John P. Wikswo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2790-1530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. P. Wikswo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235-1807, USA. john.wikswo@vanderbilt.edu","Depts. of Biomed. Eng., Mol. Physiol. & Biophys., & Phys. & Astron., Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235-1807, USA. john.wikswo@vanderbilt.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Depts. of Biomed. Eng., Mol. Physiol. & Biophys., & Phys. & Astron., Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008864560","display_name":"Frank E. Block","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9264-4521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. E. Block","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","Dept. of Biomed. Eng., Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Biomed. Eng., Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059629283","display_name":"David E. Cliffel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8756-106X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. E. Cliffel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","Dept. of Chem., Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Chem., Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063012427","display_name":"Cody R. Goodwin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4260-5457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. R. Goodwin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","Dept. of Chem., Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Chem., Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024240466","display_name":"Christina C. Marasco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0324-9314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. C. Marasco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","Dept. of Biomed. Eng., Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Biomed. Eng., Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003520629","display_name":"Dmitry A. Markov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2337-4438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. A. Markov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","Dept. of Cancer Biol., Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Cancer Biol., Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114376914","display_name":"David L. McLean","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6337-2301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. L. McLean","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics & Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","Dept. of Phys. & Astron., Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics & Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Phys. & Astron., Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026144955","display_name":"John A. McLean","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8918-6419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. A. McLean","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","Dept. of Chem., Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Chem., Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008507708","display_name":"Jennifer R. McKenzie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. R. McKenzie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","Dept. of Chem., Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Chem., Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010672813","display_name":"Ronald S. Reiserer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3786-7893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. S. Reiserer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics & Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","Dept. of Phys. & Astron., Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics & Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Phys. & Astron., Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049313229","display_name":"Philip C. Samson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. C. Samson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics & Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","Dept. of Phys. & Astron., Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics & Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Phys. & Astron., Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065167195","display_name":"David K. Schaffer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5619-7701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. K. Schaffer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics & Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","Dept. of Phys. & Astron., Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics & Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Phys. & Astron., Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037719841","display_name":"Kevin T. Seale","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. T. Seale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","Dept. of Biomed. Eng., Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Biomed. Eng., Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063940912","display_name":"Stacy D. Sherrod","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2346-230X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. D. Sherrod","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics & Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","Dept. of Phys. & Astron., Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics & Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Phys. & Astron., Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":14,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027130614"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.4272,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":174,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9851091,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"3","first_page":"682","last_page":"690"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11190","display_name":"3D Printing in Biomedical Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11190","display_name":"3D Printing in Biomedical Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11407","display_name":"Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10412","display_name":"Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organ-on-a-chip","display_name":"Organ-on-a-chip","score":0.6443142890930176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6157729029655457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.5734943747520447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organ-system","display_name":"Organ system","score":0.45201122760772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-biology","display_name":"Systems biology","score":0.4255255162715912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sophistication","display_name":"Sophistication","score":0.41485974192619324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemical-engineering","display_name":"Biochemical engineering","score":0.3780401349067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.37077856063842773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.36458665132522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.36186760663986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics","display_name":"Bioinformatics","score":0.2549363970756531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microfluidics","display_name":"Microfluidics","score":0.2385747730731964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22020813822746277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.1510770618915558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.14971384406089783}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165932988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7101746","display_name":"Organ-on-a-chip","level":3,"score":0.6443142890930176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6157729029655457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.5734943747520447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018799218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188193","display_name":"Organ system","level":3,"score":0.45201122760772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152662350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815297","display_name":"Systems biology","level":2,"score":0.4255255162715912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168725872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q991663","display_name":"Sophistication","level":2,"score":0.41485974192619324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183696295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487696","display_name":"Biochemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3780401349067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.37077856063842773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.36458665132522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.36186760663986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.2549363970756531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8673954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138845","display_name":"Microfluidics","level":2,"score":0.2385747730731964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22020813822746277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.1510770618915558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.14971384406089783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001187","descriptor_name":"Artificial Organs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001187","descriptor_name":"Artificial Organs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001187","descriptor_name":"Artificial Organs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001187","descriptor_name":"Artificial Organs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001187","descriptor_name":"Artificial Organs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001187","descriptor_name":"Artificial Organs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001698","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Engineering","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001698","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Engineering","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001698","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Engineering","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001698","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Engineering","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001698","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Engineering","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001698","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Engineering","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001698","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Engineering","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001698","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Engineering","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001698","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Engineering","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001698","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Engineering","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001698","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Engineering","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001698","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Engineering","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049490","descriptor_name":"Systems Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049490","descriptor_name":"Systems Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049490","descriptor_name":"Systems Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049490","descriptor_name":"Systems Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049490","descriptor_name":"Systems Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049490","descriptor_name":"Systems Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056656","descriptor_name":"Lab-On-A-Chip Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056656","descriptor_name":"Lab-On-A-Chip Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056656","descriptor_name":"Lab-On-A-Chip Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056656","descriptor_name":"Lab-On-A-Chip Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056656","descriptor_name":"Lab-On-A-Chip Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056656","descriptor_name":"Lab-On-A-Chip Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2013.2244891","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2013.2244891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23380852","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23380852","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2694592","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3696887","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3696887","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3696887","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3696887","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3696887","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332186","display_name":"Defense Threat Reduction Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/04tz64554"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W615529136","https://openalex.org/W1495151041","https://openalex.org/W1528603850","https://openalex.org/W1550680775","https://openalex.org/W1579034878","https://openalex.org/W1596555668","https://openalex.org/W1963980205","https://openalex.org/W1965195833","https://openalex.org/W1966440946","https://openalex.org/W1968101595","https://openalex.org/W1969636246","https://openalex.org/W1980275250","https://openalex.org/W1981030985","https://openalex.org/W1981998846","https://openalex.org/W1982397671","https://openalex.org/W1983149616","https://openalex.org/W1991287097","https://openalex.org/W1991287426","https://openalex.org/W1997029221","https://openalex.org/W2000005040","https://openalex.org/W2015010756","https://openalex.org/W2020153124","https://openalex.org/W2024938615","https://openalex.org/W2026010093","https://openalex.org/W2030426885","https://openalex.org/W2040629598","https://openalex.org/W2040959342","https://openalex.org/W2043635105","https://openalex.org/W2046856562","https://openalex.org/W2051230089","https://openalex.org/W2056740953","https://openalex.org/W2058483407","https://openalex.org/W2060526723","https://openalex.org/W2063508640","https://openalex.org/W2071149889","https://openalex.org/W2071311642","https://openalex.org/W2075778125","https://openalex.org/W2076922024","https://openalex.org/W2080843536","https://openalex.org/W2081605536","https://openalex.org/W2083837888","https://openalex.org/W2087636279","https://openalex.org/W2092990371","https://openalex.org/W2094441177","https://openalex.org/W2099474947","https://openalex.org/W2100657340","https://openalex.org/W2102716430","https://openalex.org/W2106507796","https://openalex.org/W2112791462","https://openalex.org/W2114333459","https://openalex.org/W2114804859","https://openalex.org/W2117184765","https://openalex.org/W2117397508","https://openalex.org/W2124838743","https://openalex.org/W2128276785","https://openalex.org/W2129130974","https://openalex.org/W2137319033","https://openalex.org/W2138855441","https://openalex.org/W2139694010","https://openalex.org/W2141091417","https://openalex.org/W2142012284","https://openalex.org/W2147086117","https://openalex.org/W2148669551","https://openalex.org/W2148711543","https://openalex.org/W2149695944","https://openalex.org/W2153724345","https://openalex.org/W2154180317","https://openalex.org/W2166618785","https://openalex.org/W2168253538","https://openalex.org/W2171671443","https://openalex.org/W2180456856","https://openalex.org/W2285550575","https://openalex.org/W2480927481","https://openalex.org/W3008550559","https://openalex.org/W4246925492","https://openalex.org/W4376545087"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3195547770","https://openalex.org/W4205125270","https://openalex.org/W2175949414","https://openalex.org/W4389373396","https://openalex.org/W2769189500","https://openalex.org/W2883493989","https://openalex.org/W2612068414","https://openalex.org/W4312066811","https://openalex.org/W2761856194","https://openalex.org/W2984684214"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"sophistication":[1],"and":[2,9,20,33,45,56,92,112,123,129,143,163,171,184],"success":[3],"of":[4,89,96,106],"recently":[5],"reported":[6],"microfabricated":[7,140],"organs-on-chips":[8],"human":[10],"organ":[11,22,68,73],"constructs":[12],"have":[13],"made":[14],"it":[15],"possible":[16],"to":[17,35,52,69],"design":[18],"scaled":[19],"interconnected":[21],"systems":[23,38,48,125,130],"that":[24,104,120,136],"may":[25],"significantly":[26],"augment":[27],"the":[28,63,81,87,97,110,116],"current":[29],"drug":[30,127],"development":[31,128],"pipeline":[32],"lead":[34],"advances":[36],"in":[37],"biology.":[39],"Physiologically":[40],"realistic":[41],"live":[42],"microHuman":[43],"(\u03bcHu)":[44],"milliHuman":[46],"(mHu)":[47],"operating":[49],"for":[50,66,109,115,126,150,157,167],"weeks":[51],"months":[53],"present":[54],"exciting":[55],"important":[57],"engineering":[58],"challenges":[59],"such":[60],"as":[61],"determining":[62],"appropriate":[64,71,77],"size":[65],"each":[67],"ensure":[70],"relative":[72],"functional":[74,181],"activity,":[75],"achieving":[76],"cell":[78],"density,":[79],"providing":[80],"requisite":[82],"universal":[83],"perfusion":[84],"media,":[85],"sensing":[86],"breadth":[88],"physiological":[90],"responses,":[91],"maintaining":[93,101],"stable":[94],"control":[95],"entire":[98],"system,":[99],"while":[100],"fluid":[102],"scaling":[103],"consists":[105],"~5":[107,113],"mL":[108],"mHu":[111,122],"\u03bcL":[114],"\u03bcHu.":[117],"We":[118],"believe":[119],"successful":[121],"\u03bcHu":[124],"biology":[131],"will":[132],"require":[133],"low-volume":[134],"microdevices":[135],"support":[137],"chemical":[138],"signaling,":[139],"pumps,":[141],"valves":[142],"microformulators,":[144],"automated":[145,168],"optical":[146],"microscopy,":[147],"electrochemical":[148],"sensors":[149],"rapid":[151],"metabolic":[152],"assessment,":[153],"ion":[154],"mobility-mass":[155],"spectrometry":[156],"real-time":[158],"molecular":[159],"analysis,":[160],"advanced":[161],"bioinformatics,":[162],"machine":[164],"learning":[165],"algorithms":[166],"model":[169],"inference":[170],"integrated":[172],"electronic":[173],"control.":[174],"Toward":[175],"this":[176],"goal,":[177],"we":[178],"are":[179,185],"building":[180],"prototype":[182],"components":[183],"working":[186],"toward":[187],"top-down":[188],"system":[189],"integration.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}