{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2111135417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2012.2232293","title":"Classification of Simultaneous Movements Using Surface EMG Pattern Recognition","display_name":"Classification of Simultaneous Movements Using Surface EMG Pattern Recognition","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-12-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2111135417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2012.2232293","mag":"2111135417","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23247839"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2012.2232293","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2012.2232293","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4208826","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009266368","display_name":"Aaron J. Young","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5376-2258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324242722","display_name":"Shirley Ryan AbilityLab","ror":"https://ror.org/02ja0m249","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324242722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. J. Young","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Bionic Medicine, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. ajyoung@u.northwestern.edu","The Center forBionic Medicine, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Bionic Medicine, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. ajyoung@u.northwestern.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324242722","https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Center forBionic Medicine, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324242722","https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110102398","display_name":"Lauren H. Smith","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. H. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075910975","display_name":"Elliott J. Rouse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3880-1527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. J. Rouse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomechatronics Group, MIT Media Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomechatronics Group, MIT Media Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018478365","display_name":"Levi J. Hargrove","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1705-0050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. J. Hargrove","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.8758,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":320,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99341039,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"5","first_page":"1250","last_page":"1258"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5724340677261353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5331451296806335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromyography","display_name":"Electromyography","score":0.5156723260879517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4943239688873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.42745622992515564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.407744437456131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.21242517232894897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.11311483383178711}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5724340677261353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5331451296806335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.5156723260879517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4943239688873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.42745622992515564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.407744437456131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.21242517232894897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11311483383178711}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001186","descriptor_name":"Artificial Limbs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001186","descriptor_name":"Artificial Limbs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001186","descriptor_name":"Artificial Limbs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016059","descriptor_name":"Range of Motion, Articular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016059","descriptor_name":"Range of Motion, Articular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016059","descriptor_name":"Range of Motion, Articular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2012.2232293","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2012.2232293","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23247839","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23247839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4208826","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4208826","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4208826","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4208826","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309475","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54677749","https://openalex.org/W97186611","https://openalex.org/W638846311","https://openalex.org/W1581065997","https://openalex.org/W1978100140","https://openalex.org/W2023348805","https://openalex.org/W2037905137","https://openalex.org/W2042337333","https://openalex.org/W2081359423","https://openalex.org/W2088237091","https://openalex.org/W2096553993","https://openalex.org/W2097092203","https://openalex.org/W2097292795","https://openalex.org/W2097823586","https://openalex.org/W2113400476","https://openalex.org/W2113966143","https://openalex.org/W2116351929","https://openalex.org/W2122612627","https://openalex.org/W2123167643","https://openalex.org/W2123917016","https://openalex.org/W2133530044","https://openalex.org/W2135648815","https://openalex.org/W2138967075","https://openalex.org/W2145122382","https://openalex.org/W2148268262","https://openalex.org/W2150092650","https://openalex.org/W2151265027","https://openalex.org/W2153043277","https://openalex.org/W2161135398","https://openalex.org/W2164238867","https://openalex.org/W2165619603","https://openalex.org/W2168436483","https://openalex.org/W2171188488","https://openalex.org/W2188413153","https://openalex.org/W6602250169","https://openalex.org/W6604053674","https://openalex.org/W6634733033","https://openalex.org/W6681482653","https://openalex.org/W6686877368"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2775347418","https://openalex.org/W1969923398","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2079911747"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Advanced":[0],"upper":[1],"limb":[2],"prostheses":[3],"capable":[4],"of":[5,9,59,108,145,161],"actuating":[6],"multiple":[7],"degrees":[8],"freedom":[10],"(DOFs)":[11],"are":[12,36],"now":[13],"commercially":[14],"available.":[15],"Pattern":[16],"recognition":[17,34,178],"algorithms":[18],"that":[19],"use":[20],"surface":[21,181],"electromyography":[22],"(EMG)":[23],"signals":[24],"show":[25],"great":[26],"promise":[27],"as":[28],"multi-DOF":[29],"controllers.":[30],"Unfortunately,":[31],"current":[32],"pattern":[33,177],"systems":[35],"limited":[37],"to":[38,56,81,186,199],"activate":[39],"only":[40],"one":[41],"DOF":[42],"at":[43],"a":[44,49,106,124,132],"time.":[45],"This":[46,62],"study":[47],"introduces":[48],"novel":[50],"classifier":[51,130],"based":[52,104],"on":[53,105,147,151,163,167,180],"Bayesian":[54],"theory":[55],"provide":[57,192],"classification":[58,67],"simultaneous":[60,70,188],"movements.":[61,203],"approach":[63,141],"and":[64,76,98,149,165],"two":[65,86],"other":[66],"strategies":[68],"for":[69,96,196],"movements":[71],"were":[72,94],"evaluated":[73],"using":[74],"nonamputee":[75,97],"amputee":[77,99],"subjects":[78],"classifying":[79,201],"up":[80],"three":[82],"DOFs,":[83],"where":[84],"any":[85],"DOFs":[87],"could":[88,191],"be":[89,184],"classified":[90],"simultaneously.":[91],"Similar":[92],"results":[93],"found":[95],"subjects.":[100],"The":[101,170],"new":[102],"approach,":[103],"set":[107],"conditional":[109,139],"parallel":[110,133,140],"classifiers":[111],"was":[112],"the":[113,138,155],"most":[114],"promising":[115],"with":[116],"errors":[117],"significantly":[118],"less":[119],"(p":[120],"<":[121],"0.05)":[122],"than":[123,176],"single":[125,156],"linear":[126],"discriminant":[127],"analysis":[128],"(LDA)":[129],"or":[131],"approach.":[134],"For":[135],"three-DOF":[136],"classification,":[137],"had":[142,158],"error":[143,159,172],"rates":[144,160,173],"6.6%":[146],"discrete":[148,164],"10.9%":[150],"combined":[152,168],"motions,":[153],"while":[154],"LDA":[157],"9.4%":[162],"14.1%":[166],"motions.":[169],"low":[171],"demonstrated":[174],"suggest":[175],"techniques":[179],"EMG":[182],"can":[183],"extended":[185],"identify":[187],"movements,":[189],"which":[190],"more":[193],"life-like":[194],"motions":[195],"amputees":[197],"compared":[198],"exclusively":[200],"sequential":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}