{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2002754201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2012.2212894","title":"A New Paradigm of Interactive Artery/Vein Separation in Noncontrast Pulmonary CT Imaging Using Multiscale Topomorphologic Opening","display_name":"A New Paradigm of Interactive Artery/Vein Separation in Noncontrast Pulmonary CT Imaging Using Multiscale Topomorphologic Opening","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-08-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2002754201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2012.2212894","mag":"2002754201","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22899571"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2012.2212894","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2012.2212894","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113510884","display_name":"Zhiyun Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8332-7616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyun Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, the University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242, USA. zhiyun-gao@uiowa.edu","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, the University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242, USA. zhiyun-gao@uiowa.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004682106","display_name":"Randall W. Grout","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2911-6782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. W. Grout","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA","Dept. of Radiol., Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Radiol., Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024733905","display_name":"Colin Holtze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1069-9874"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Holtze","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA","Dept. of Radiol., Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Radiol., Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011527598","display_name":"Eric A. Hoffman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8456-9437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. A. Hoffman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA","Dept. of Radiol., Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Radiol., Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033203259","display_name":"Punam K. Saha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1576-118X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Punam K. Saha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4631,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87792621,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"11","first_page":"3016","last_page":"3027"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imaging-phantom","display_name":"Imaging phantom","score":0.6717782616615295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproducibility","display_name":"Reproducibility","score":0.5379157066345215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.5159021615982056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49445080757141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.47416558861732483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3840901851654053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3454575538635254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.33526116609573364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2645432949066162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2038910686969757}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104293457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28324852","display_name":"Imaging phantom","level":2,"score":0.6717782616615295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9893847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425625","display_name":"Reproducibility","level":2,"score":0.5379157066345215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.5159021615982056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49445080757141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.47416558861732483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3840901851654053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3454575538635254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.33526116609573364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2645432949066162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2038910686969757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000098","qualifier_name":"blood supply","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000098","qualifier_name":"blood supply","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000098","qualifier_name":"blood supply","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000098","qualifier_name":"blood supply","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011651","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Artery","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011651","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Artery","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011651","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Artery","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011651","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Artery","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011667","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Veins","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011667","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Veins","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011667","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Veins","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011667","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Veins","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013552","descriptor_name":"Swine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013552","descriptor_name":"Swine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013552","descriptor_name":"Swine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013552","descriptor_name":"Swine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017143","descriptor_name":"Fuzzy Logic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017143","descriptor_name":"Fuzzy Logic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017143","descriptor_name":"Fuzzy Logic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017143","descriptor_name":"Fuzzy Logic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2012.2212894","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2012.2212894","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22899571","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22899571","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3261582","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4294416","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2373680413","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 HL-064368","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510246844","https://openalex.org/W1970057685","https://openalex.org/W1970215274","https://openalex.org/W1978372216","https://openalex.org/W1991673847","https://openalex.org/W1997059947","https://openalex.org/W2033748578","https://openalex.org/W2034377718","https://openalex.org/W2048190628","https://openalex.org/W2058388410","https://openalex.org/W2067871685","https://openalex.org/W2097232421","https://openalex.org/W2103148294","https://openalex.org/W2107955750","https://openalex.org/W2113622874","https://openalex.org/W2118776769","https://openalex.org/W2120268328","https://openalex.org/W2128819429","https://openalex.org/W2130039652","https://openalex.org/W2131554244","https://openalex.org/W2138997396","https://openalex.org/W2149713271","https://openalex.org/W2159972375","https://openalex.org/W2168732003","https://openalex.org/W2170796484","https://openalex.org/W2318202851","https://openalex.org/W2326539795","https://openalex.org/W6699647299"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2413717610","https://openalex.org/W1973270181","https://openalex.org/W2417696084","https://openalex.org/W2368782778","https://openalex.org/W2087830269","https://openalex.org/W3106281778","https://openalex.org/W2003643616","https://openalex.org/W638612878","https://openalex.org/W2140154150","https://openalex.org/W77799326"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Distinguishing":[0],"pulmonary":[1,28,55,176,185],"arterial":[2],"and":[3,30,72,77,109,116,136,147,183,280,292],"venous":[4],"(A/V)":[5],"trees":[6,52,71],"via":[7,53],"in":[8,16,46,80,197,206,221,247,270,286],"vivo":[9],"imaging":[10],"is":[11,160],"a":[12,129,180,231],"critical":[13],"first":[14],"step":[15],"the":[17,23,103,118,139,142,149,152,164,198,212,261],"quantification":[18],"of":[19,25,65,69,93,128,138,151,163,174,179,211,230,260,272,274,276],"vascular":[20],"geometry":[21],"for":[22,49,67,105,253],"purpose":[24],"diagnosing":[26],"several":[27,83],"diseases":[29],"to":[31,87],"develop":[32],"new":[33,143],"image-based":[34],"phenotypes.":[35],"A":[36],"multiscale":[37,91],"topomorphologic":[38],"opening":[39,92],"(MSTMO)":[40],"algorithm":[41,119],"has":[42,166,191,214,242,264],"recently":[43],"been":[44,167,215,265],"developed":[45],"our":[47,112],"laboratory":[48],"separating":[50],"A/V":[51,70,157,177,195,219,249,254,277,288],"noncontrast":[54,184],"human":[56,186,207,222,268],"CT":[57,172,187,223,228],"imaging.":[58,188],"The":[59,189,240],"method":[60,140,165,190,213,241,263],"starts":[61],"with":[62,82,226,251],"two":[63,94],"sets":[64],"seeds-one":[66],"each":[68],"combines":[73],"fuzzy":[74,78],"distance":[75],"transform":[76],"connectivity":[79],"conjunction":[81],"morphological":[84],"operations":[85],"leading":[86],"locally":[88],"adaptive":[89],"iterative":[90],"mutually":[95],"conjoined":[96],"structures.":[97],"In":[98],"this":[99],"paper,":[100],"we":[101],"introduce":[102],"methods":[104],"handling":[106],"\"local":[107],"update\"":[108],"\"separators\"":[110],"into":[111,120],"previous":[113],"theoretical":[114],"formulation":[115],"incorporate":[117],"an":[121],"effective":[122],"graphical":[123],"user":[124],"interface":[125],"(GUI).":[126],"Results":[127],"comprehensive":[130],"evaluative":[131],"study":[132],"assessing":[133],"both":[134],"accuracy":[135,275],"reproducibility":[137],"under":[141],"setup":[144],"are":[145,296],"presented":[146],"also,":[148],"effectiveness":[150],"GUI-based":[153,262],"system":[154],"toward":[155],"improving":[156],"separation":[158,220,278],"results":[159,279,281,294],"examined.":[161],"Accuracy":[162],"evaluated":[168,216,266],"using":[169,217],"mathematical":[170],"phantoms,":[171],"images":[173,229],"contrast-separated":[175],"casting":[178],"pig's":[181,232],"lung":[182,208,233],"achieved":[192],"99%":[193],"true":[194,204,287],"labeling":[196,205,250],"cast":[199],"phantom":[200],"and,":[201],"almost,":[202,244],"92-94%":[203],"data.":[209],"Reproducibility":[210],"multiuser":[218,248],"data":[224,269],"along":[225],"contrast-enhanced":[227],"at":[234],"different":[235],"positive":[236],"end-expiratory":[237],"pressures":[238],"(PEEPs).":[239],"achieved,":[243],"92-98%":[245],"agreements":[246],"ICC":[252],"measures":[255],"being":[256],"over":[257],"0.96-0.99.":[258],"Effectiveness":[259],"on":[267],"terms":[271],"improvements":[273,285],"have":[282],"shown":[283],"8-22%":[284],"labeling.":[289],"Both":[290],"qualitative":[291],"quantitative":[293],"found":[295],"very":[297],"promising.":[298]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
