{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1994433915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2012.2210553","title":"Specific Absorption Rate Evaluation for Passengers Using Wireless Communication Devices Inside Vehicles With Different Handedness, Passenger Counts, and Seating Locations","display_name":"Specific Absorption Rate Evaluation for Passengers Using Wireless Communication Devices Inside Vehicles With Different Handedness, Passenger Counts, and Seating Locations","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-08-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1994433915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2012.2210553","mag":"1994433915","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22893364"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2012.2210553","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2012.2210553","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sai-Wing Leung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sai-Wing Leung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong. eeswl@cityu.edu.hk","Dept. of Electron. Eng., City Univ of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong. eeswl@cityu.edu.hk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electron. Eng., City Univ of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073647831","display_name":"Yinliang Diao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6492-4515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinliang Diao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","Dept. of Electron. Eng., City Univ of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electron. Eng., City Univ of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026926382","display_name":"Kwok Hung Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-7200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwok-Hung Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","Dept. of Electron. Eng., City Univ of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electron. Eng., City Univ of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090805573","display_name":"Y.M. Siu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1228-4699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun-Ming Siu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","Dept. of Electron. Eng., City Univ of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electron. Eng., City Univ of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040846618","display_name":"Yongle Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3269-7143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongle Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","Dept. of Electron. Eng., City Univ of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electron. Eng., City Univ of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1757,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85123566,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"10","first_page":"2905","last_page":"2912"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10874","display_name":"Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Effects","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10874","display_name":"Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Effects","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11851","display_name":"Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specific-absorption-rate","display_name":"Specific absorption rate","score":0.8718180656433105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-phone","display_name":"Mobile phone","score":0.7106249332427979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.59270179271698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-space","display_name":"Free space","score":0.5662949085235596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5100460648536682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.47033318877220154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-telephony","display_name":"Mobile telephony","score":0.4430423974990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/significant-difference","display_name":"Significant difference","score":0.44038841128349304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone","display_name":"Phone","score":0.4134778678417206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.34151774644851685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24530354142189026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-radio","display_name":"Mobile radio","score":0.22958871722221375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12651506066322327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.10560497641563416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10466000437736511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10315623879432678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.08302247524261475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84237751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914138","display_name":"Specific absorption rate","level":3,"score":0.8718180656433105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777421447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17517","display_name":"Mobile phone","level":2,"score":0.7106249332427979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.59270179271698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988672794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11475","display_name":"Free space","level":2,"score":0.5662949085235596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5100460648536682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.47033318877220154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.4430423974990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018023364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Significant difference","level":2,"score":0.44038841128349304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.4134778678417206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.34151774644851685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24530354142189026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781307350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887221","display_name":"Mobile radio","level":2,"score":0.22958871722221375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12651506066322327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.10560497641563416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10466000437736511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10315623879432678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.08302247524261475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000042","descriptor_name":"Absorption","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000042","descriptor_name":"Absorption","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000042","descriptor_name":"Absorption","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004574","descriptor_name":"Electromagnetic Fields","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004574","descriptor_name":"Electromagnetic Fields","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004574","descriptor_name":"Electromagnetic Fields","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011829","descriptor_name":"Radiation Dosage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011829","descriptor_name":"Radiation Dosage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011829","descriptor_name":"Radiation Dosage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011834","descriptor_name":"Radiation Monitoring","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011834","descriptor_name":"Radiation Monitoring","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011834","descriptor_name":"Radiation Monitoring","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018986","descriptor_name":"Motor Vehicles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018986","descriptor_name":"Motor Vehicles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018986","descriptor_name":"Motor Vehicles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D040421","descriptor_name":"Cell Phone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D040421","descriptor_name":"Cell Phone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D040421","descriptor_name":"Cell Phone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2012.2210553","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2012.2210553","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22893364","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22893364","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003017040","https://openalex.org/W2018337987","https://openalex.org/W2067859822","https://openalex.org/W2113712230","https://openalex.org/W2113848378","https://openalex.org/W2115555782","https://openalex.org/W2142063750","https://openalex.org/W2142845408","https://openalex.org/W2154166484","https://openalex.org/W2157202810","https://openalex.org/W2169491366","https://openalex.org/W2537336237"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2768083022","https://openalex.org/W2087423050","https://openalex.org/W1532004028","https://openalex.org/W2024620445","https://openalex.org/W102978354","https://openalex.org/W2137338429","https://openalex.org/W1981465222","https://openalex.org/W2792021786","https://openalex.org/W184503604","https://openalex.org/W3212733659"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Radiation":[0],"from":[1],"mobile":[2,38,78,100,131],"phones":[3],"inside":[4,41,89,136],"vehicles,":[5],"which":[6],"are":[7],"semiopen":[8],"metallic":[9],"enclosures":[10],"with":[11,139],"irregular":[12],"shapes":[13],"and":[14,21,53,134,143,162],"apertures,":[15],"has":[16,22],"been":[17],"a":[18,42,63,90,104,137,140],"major":[19],"concern":[20],"warranted":[23],"investigation":[24],"in":[25,37,62,77,81,103,111,159,167,170],"past":[26],"years.":[27],"In":[28],"this":[29],"paper,":[30],"the":[31,70,95,115,123,127,150,154],"specific":[32],"absorption":[33],"rate":[34],"(SAR)":[35],"induced":[36,98],"phone":[39,79,101,132],"users":[40,80,102,133],"vehicle":[43,105,138],"was":[44,66,147],"evaluated":[45],"using":[46],"different":[47,160],"scenarios,":[48],"including":[49],"handedness,":[50],"passenger":[51,141],"counts,":[52],"seating":[54,144],"locations.":[55],"A":[56],"computer":[57],"simulation":[58],"for":[59,99,122],"SAR":[60,75,97,116,128,151],"distributions":[61],"human":[64],"body":[65,156],"performed":[67],"based":[68],"on":[69],"finite-difference":[71],"time-domain":[72],"method.":[73],"The":[74],"values":[76,129,152],"free":[82,112,168],"space":[83],"were":[84,163],"also":[85],"compared":[86],"to":[87],"those":[88,110,166],"vehicle;":[91],"results":[92,117],"illustrated":[93],"that":[94,149],"maximum":[96],"is":[106],"5%":[107],"higher":[108,164],"than":[109,165],"space,":[113,169],"but":[114],"showed":[118],"no":[119],"significant":[120],"difference":[121],"handedness.":[124],"By":[125],"comparing":[126],"between":[130],"nonusers":[135],"count":[142],"locations,":[145],"it":[146],"observed":[148],"around":[153],"nonusers'":[155],"varied":[157],"much":[158],"situations,":[161],"some":[171],"circumstances.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-25T08:17:42.794288","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}