{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2068423551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2012.2199490","title":"Phase Synchronization Analysis of EEG Signals: An Evaluation Based on Surrogate Tests","display_name":"Phase Synchronization Analysis of EEG Signals: An Evaluation Based on Surrogate Tests","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2068423551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2012.2199490","mag":"2068423551","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22665500"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2012.2199490","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2012.2199490","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009658384","display_name":"Junfeng Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7614-7127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junfeng Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. jfsun@sjtu.edu.cn","Sch. of Biomed. Eng., Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. jfsun@sjtu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Biomed. Eng., Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033704679","display_name":"Xiangfei Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7475-3185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangfei Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China","Sch. of Biomed. Eng., Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Biomed. Eng., Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075680984","display_name":"Shanbao Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7724-2054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanbao Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Engineering and The Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China","Sch. of Biomed. Eng., Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering and The Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Biomed. Eng., Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4048,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":123,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92755983,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"8","first_page":"2254","last_page":"2263"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.8213068246841431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surrogate-data","display_name":"Surrogate data","score":0.7917487621307373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6039445996284485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5856004357337952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-synchronization","display_name":"Phase synchronization","score":0.5676517486572266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.5402789115905762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5252875089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherence","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","score":0.46917325258255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4624711573123932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3450382649898529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3006954789161682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23562240600585938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.10318666696548462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09677618741989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.07774034142494202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.8213068246841431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142806159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7646876","display_name":"Surrogate data","level":3,"score":0.7917487621307373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6039445996284485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5856004357337952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194027367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420475","display_name":"Phase synchronization","level":3,"score":0.5676517486572266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.5402789115905762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5252875089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.46917325258255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4624711573123932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3450382649898529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3006954789161682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23562240600585938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10318666696548462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09677618741989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.07774034142494202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058407","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography Phase Synchronization","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058407","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography Phase Synchronization","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058407","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography Phase Synchronization","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2012.2199490","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2012.2199490","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22665500","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22665500","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W206280282","https://openalex.org/W950991549","https://openalex.org/W1603307924","https://openalex.org/W1620414136","https://openalex.org/W1966523973","https://openalex.org/W1991042718","https://openalex.org/W1993111621","https://openalex.org/W1999653836","https://openalex.org/W2009650955","https://openalex.org/W2013930506","https://openalex.org/W2024383241","https://openalex.org/W2044770804","https://openalex.org/W2054845099","https://openalex.org/W2055126420","https://openalex.org/W2055256283","https://openalex.org/W2061271064","https://openalex.org/W2063155725","https://openalex.org/W2065096279","https://openalex.org/W2068912358","https://openalex.org/W2074501647","https://openalex.org/W2080522279","https://openalex.org/W2082857490","https://openalex.org/W2087374604","https://openalex.org/W2088609662","https://openalex.org/W2098746383","https://openalex.org/W2100520255","https://openalex.org/W2105890585","https://openalex.org/W2106873519","https://openalex.org/W2109389996","https://openalex.org/W2109664155","https://openalex.org/W2112064183","https://openalex.org/W2112090702","https://openalex.org/W2116083905","https://openalex.org/W2118108064","https://openalex.org/W2128495200","https://openalex.org/W2128616678","https://openalex.org/W2134164118","https://openalex.org/W2138659287","https://openalex.org/W2147326914","https://openalex.org/W2150135821","https://openalex.org/W2157680269","https://openalex.org/W2159242554","https://openalex.org/W2161515775","https://openalex.org/W2165160692","https://openalex.org/W2165294408","https://openalex.org/W2165730296","https://openalex.org/W2167281592","https://openalex.org/W2168358833","https://openalex.org/W2321552821","https://openalex.org/W3104053258","https://openalex.org/W3122507959","https://openalex.org/W3144154667","https://openalex.org/W3188456155","https://openalex.org/W4229685370"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963851439","https://openalex.org/W2095704199","https://openalex.org/W1827287738","https://openalex.org/W4210284618","https://openalex.org/W1995406459","https://openalex.org/W3033537072","https://openalex.org/W2068628444","https://openalex.org/W2098871800","https://openalex.org/W2022401564","https://openalex.org/W2114958893"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Phase":[0],"synchronization":[1],"(PS)":[2],"analysis":[3,31,89,193],"has":[4],"been":[5,33,42],"demonstrated":[6],"to":[7,12,67,154],"be":[8,56],"a":[9,50,163],"useful":[10],"method":[11,140],"infer":[13,68],"functional":[14,27],"connectivity":[15,28],"with":[16,29,94],"multichannel":[17],"neural":[18],"signals,":[19,115],"e.g.,":[20],"electroencephalography":[21],"(EEG).":[22],"Methodological":[23],"problems":[24],"on":[25,87,91,184],"quantifying":[26],"PS":[30,60,74,88,148,176,181,192],"have":[32,40],"investigated":[34],"extensively,":[35],"but":[36],"some":[37],"of":[38,52,72,112,128,146,165,194],"them":[39],"not":[41],"fully":[43],"solved":[44],"yet.":[45],"For":[46],"example,":[47],"how":[48],"long":[49],"segment":[51],"EEG":[53,114,119,126,158,166,195],"signal":[54],"should":[55],"used":[57],"in":[58],"estimating":[59],"index?":[61,75],"Which":[62],"methods":[63],"are":[64,131],"more":[65,189],"suitable":[66,174,190],"the":[69,102,105,109,122,125,137,180],"significant":[70],"level":[71],"estimated":[73,147],"To":[76],"address":[77],"these":[78],"questions,":[79],"this":[80],"paper":[81],"performs":[82],"an":[83],"intensive":[84],"computation":[85],"study":[86],"based":[90,183],"surrogate":[92,97,139,159],"tests":[93],"1)":[95,136],"artificial":[96],"data":[98],"generated":[99],"by":[100,156],"shuffling":[101],"rank":[103],"order,":[104],"phase":[106,186],"spectra,":[107],"or":[108],"instantaneous":[110],"frequency":[111],"original":[113],"and":[116,150,178],"2)":[117,161],"intersubject":[118,157],"pairs":[120],"under":[121],"assumption":[123],"that":[124,135],"signals":[127,196],"different":[129],"subjects":[130],"independent.":[132],"Results":[133],"show":[134],"phase-shuffled":[138],"is":[141,173,188],"workable":[142],"for":[143,175,191],"significance":[144],"test":[145],"index":[149,182],"yields":[151],"results":[152],"similar":[153],"those":[155],"test;":[160],"generally,":[162],"duration":[164],"waves":[167],"covering":[168],"about":[169],"3":[170],"16":[171],"cycles":[172],"analysis;":[177],"3)":[179],"mean":[185],"coherence":[187],"recorded":[197],"at":[198],"relatively":[199],"low":[200],"sampling":[201],"rate.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
