{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2041621693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2012.2196797","title":"A 64-Channel Transmitter for Investigating Parallel Transmit MRI","display_name":"A 64-Channel Transmitter for Investigating Parallel Transmit MRI","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2041621693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2012.2196797","mag":"2041621693","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22552545"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2012.2196797","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2012.2196797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058400703","display_name":"Feng Ke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0043-1655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. jnfengke@gmail.com","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. jnfengke@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082443778","display_name":"Neal A. Hollingsworth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5268-2000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. A. Hollingsworth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054375445","display_name":"Mary P. McDougall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7960-3319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. P. McDougall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA","Depts. of Biomed. Eng. & Electr. & Comput. Eng., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Depts. of Biomed. Eng. & Electr. & Comput. Eng., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081636362","display_name":"Steven M. Wright","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6925-5333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. M. Wright","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4958,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8218742,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"8","first_page":"2152","last_page":"2160"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11809","display_name":"Advanced NMR Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12381","display_name":"Electron Spin Resonance Studies","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.6844883561134338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5774602293968201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.5735324025154114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5632792115211487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5366546511650085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.5297955870628357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.48160526156425476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4436540901660919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.32185059785842896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2717338502407074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.21040073037147522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20739322900772095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13952115178108215}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.6844883561134338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5774602293968201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.5735324025154114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5632792115211487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5366546511650085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.5297955870628357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.48160526156425476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4436540901660919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.32185059785842896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2717338502407074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.21040073037147522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20739322900772095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13952115178108215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000669","descriptor_name":"Amplifiers, Electronic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000669","descriptor_name":"Amplifiers, Electronic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000669","descriptor_name":"Amplifiers, Electronic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004582","descriptor_name":"Electronics, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004582","descriptor_name":"Electronics, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004582","descriptor_name":"Electronics, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2012.2196797","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2012.2196797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22552545","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22552545","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2994153468","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1R21EB005695","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3641127225","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1R01NS05876","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00372qc85"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977717973","https://openalex.org/W1979298177","https://openalex.org/W1996335453","https://openalex.org/W2022103098","https://openalex.org/W2043271108","https://openalex.org/W2044032240","https://openalex.org/W2055874909","https://openalex.org/W2058529646","https://openalex.org/W2065352042","https://openalex.org/W2065966692","https://openalex.org/W2078856647","https://openalex.org/W2083008458","https://openalex.org/W2094854657","https://openalex.org/W2103681669","https://openalex.org/W2104168993","https://openalex.org/W2107224227","https://openalex.org/W2120366310","https://openalex.org/W2123608068","https://openalex.org/W2137576838","https://openalex.org/W2137876746","https://openalex.org/W2161607646","https://openalex.org/W2164660760","https://openalex.org/W2604996334"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355663289","https://openalex.org/W2106913410","https://openalex.org/W4380372336","https://openalex.org/W2354248671","https://openalex.org/W2359134391","https://openalex.org/W2594116857","https://openalex.org/W2947628004","https://openalex.org/W2935229758","https://openalex.org/W2045401036","https://openalex.org/W2141181202"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multiple":[0],"channel":[1,33,101],"radiofrequency":[2],"(RF)":[3],"transmitters":[4,34],"are":[5,199],"being":[6],"used":[7],"in":[8,192],"magnetic":[9],"resonance":[10],"imaging":[11,197],"to":[12,38,114,138,146,204],"investigate":[13],"a":[14,50,63],"number":[15],"of":[16,31,49,66,76,93,105,111,135,152,165],"active":[17],"research":[18],"topics,":[19],"including":[20],"transmit":[21,53,170],"SENSE":[22,171],"and":[23,29,47,132,142,150,194,196,207],"B(1)":[24,159,211],"shimming.":[25],"Presently,":[26],"the":[27,45,91,106,109,133,148,161,174,178,202],"cost":[28],"availability":[30],"multiple":[32],"restricts":[35],"their":[36],"use":[37,110,134],"relatively":[39,51],"few":[40],"sites.":[41],"This":[42],"paper":[43],"describes":[44],"development":[46],"testing":[48],"inexpensive":[52],"system":[54,72,107,162,188],"that":[55],"can":[56],"be":[57],"easily":[58,96],"duplicated":[59],"by":[60,172],"users":[61],"with":[62,80,127,181],"reasonable":[64],"level":[65,92],"RF":[67,125,221],"hardware":[68,87],"design":[69,189],"experience.":[70],"The":[71,86,187],"described":[73],"here":[74],"consists":[75],"64":[77],"channels,":[78,95],"each":[79,153],"100":[81,122],"W":[82,123],"peak":[83],"output":[84,185],"level.":[85],"is":[88,163,190],"modular":[89],"at":[90],"four":[94],"accommodating":[97],"larger":[98],"or":[99],"smaller":[100],"counts.":[102],"Unique":[103],"aspects":[104],"include":[108],"vector":[112,179],"modulators":[113,180],"replace":[115,139],"more":[116,140],"complex":[117,141,220],"IQ":[118],"direct":[119],"digital":[120,136,175],"modulators,":[121],"MOSFET":[124],"amplifiers":[126],"partial":[128],"microstrip":[129],"matching":[130],"networks,":[131],"potentiometers":[137,176],"costly":[143],"digital-to-analog":[144],"converters":[145],"control":[147,209],"amplitude":[149,208],"phase":[151,206],"channel.":[154],"Although":[155],"mainly":[156],"designed":[157],"for":[158,169,210,218],"shimming,":[160],"capable":[164],"dynamic":[166,216],"modulation":[167,217],"necessary":[168],"replacing":[173],"controlling":[177],"commercially":[182],"available":[183],"analog":[184],"boards.":[186],"discussed":[191],"detail":[193],"bench":[195],"data":[198],"shown,":[200],"demonstrating":[201],"ability":[203],"perform":[205],"shimming":[212],"as":[213,215],"well":[214],"transmitting":[219],"pulses.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}