{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2058481677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2011.2175225","title":"DiBa: A Data-Driven Bayesian Algorithm for Sleep Spindle Detection","display_name":"DiBa: A Data-Driven Bayesian Algorithm for Sleep Spindle Detection","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2058481677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2011.2175225","mag":"2058481677","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22084041"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2011.2175225","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2011.2175225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041600605","display_name":"Behtash Babadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9856-006X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Babadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. behtash@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu","Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. behtash@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072140177","display_name":"Scott Mayer McKinney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0707-7169"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. M. McKinney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020766546","display_name":"Vahid Tarokh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2994-6302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Tarokh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108251436","display_name":"J. M. Ellenbogen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. M. Ellenbogen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2779,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78618465,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"2","first_page":"483","last_page":"493"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10985","display_name":"Sleep and Wakefulness Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10985","display_name":"Sleep and Wakefulness Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10316","display_name":"Sleep and related disorders","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.7023431062698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6796915531158447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.6083939075469971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5770639181137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.5319101214408875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.4671473205089569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4417875409126282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurophysiology","display_name":"Neurophysiology","score":0.4375946521759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","score":0.42740699648857117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.41076552867889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.36207816004753113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13761621713638306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09543871879577637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.09514826536178589}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.7023431062698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6796915531158447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.6083939075469971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5770639181137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5319101214408875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.4671473205089569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4417875409126282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152478114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660910","display_name":"Neurophysiology","level":2,"score":0.4375946521759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775841894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4683692","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","level":2,"score":0.42740699648857117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41076552867889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.36207816004753113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13761621713638306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09543871879577637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.09514826536178589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012894","descriptor_name":"Sleep Stages","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012894","descriptor_name":"Sleep Stages","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012894","descriptor_name":"Sleep Stages","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2011.2175225","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2011.2175225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22084041","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22084041","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W227917216","https://openalex.org/W1033484422","https://openalex.org/W1486632395","https://openalex.org/W1500551892","https://openalex.org/W1537142000","https://openalex.org/W1554944419","https://openalex.org/W1582478025","https://openalex.org/W1767160910","https://openalex.org/W1965691616","https://openalex.org/W1970877352","https://openalex.org/W1973351114","https://openalex.org/W1987662024","https://openalex.org/W1991934169","https://openalex.org/W1993300967","https://openalex.org/W1999542175","https://openalex.org/W1999853356","https://openalex.org/W2009114889","https://openalex.org/W2011826793","https://openalex.org/W2012446274","https://openalex.org/W2014158063","https://openalex.org/W2024461528","https://openalex.org/W2034498469","https://openalex.org/W2038085771","https://openalex.org/W2040756743","https://openalex.org/W2050204299","https://openalex.org/W2076327464","https://openalex.org/W2077633827","https://openalex.org/W2077709426","https://openalex.org/W2078424196","https://openalex.org/W2078675930","https://openalex.org/W2084228140","https://openalex.org/W2085685023","https://openalex.org/W2089033532","https://openalex.org/W2093247640","https://openalex.org/W2101914867","https://openalex.org/W2103576720","https://openalex.org/W2122023208","https://openalex.org/W2123024792","https://openalex.org/W2127192455","https://openalex.org/W2127389037","https://openalex.org/W2144059033","https://openalex.org/W2151528679","https://openalex.org/W2151583242","https://openalex.org/W2163500734","https://openalex.org/W2170139952","https://openalex.org/W2171033594","https://openalex.org/W2328176404","https://openalex.org/W3083113686","https://openalex.org/W4230900352","https://openalex.org/W4250223583"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2915014248","https://openalex.org/W2922348724","https://openalex.org/W200322357","https://openalex.org/W2130428257","https://openalex.org/W4308951944","https://openalex.org/W2389214306","https://openalex.org/W2057366091","https://openalex.org/W2049513647","https://openalex.org/W2988848585","https://openalex.org/W4233722919"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"the":[1,32,38,47],"spontaneous":[2],"brain":[3],"rhythms":[4],"of":[5,50],"sleep":[6,28],"have":[7],"commanded":[8],"much":[9],"recent":[10],"interest,":[11],"their":[12],"detection":[13,30],"and":[14,41,63],"analysis":[15],"remains":[16],"suboptimal.":[17],"In":[18,57],"this":[19,65],"paper,":[20],"we":[21],"develop":[22],"a":[23,51],"data-driven":[24],"Bayesian":[25,42],"algorithm":[26,36,66],"for":[27,75],"spindle":[29],"on":[31],"electroencephalography":[33],"(EEG).":[34],"The":[35],"exploits":[37],"Karhunen-Lo\u00e8ve":[39],"transform":[40],"hypothesis":[43],"testing":[44],"to":[45,59,72],"produce":[46],"instantaneous":[48],"probability":[49],"spindle's":[52],"presence":[53],"with":[54],"maximal":[55],"resolution.":[56],"addition":[58],"possessing":[60],"flexibility,":[61],"transparency,":[62],"scalability,":[64],"could":[67],"perform":[68],"at":[69],"levels":[70],"superior":[71],"standard":[73],"methods":[74],"EEG":[76],"event":[77],"detection.":[78]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}