{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2165944663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2010.2103560","title":"Depth of Anesthesia During Multidrug Infusion: Separating the Effects of Propofol and Remifentanil Using the Spectral Features of EEG","display_name":"Depth of Anesthesia During Multidrug Infusion: Separating the Effects of Propofol and Remifentanil Using the Spectral Features of EEG","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2165944663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2010.2103560","mag":"2165944663","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21216702"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2010.2103560","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2010.2103560","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005250905","display_name":"Jukka Kortelainen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2585-2376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Kortelainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland. jukka.kortelainen@ee.oulu.fi","[Dept. of Electr. & Inf. Eng., Univ. of Oulu, Oulu, Finland]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland. jukka.kortelainen@ee.oulu.fi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. & Inf. Eng., Univ. of Oulu, Oulu, Finland]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014100221","display_name":"Eero V\u00e4yrynen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9141-3868"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E V\u00e4yrynen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Oulu, Finland","[Dept. of Electr. & Inf. Eng., Univ. of Oulu, Oulu, Finland]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. & Inf. Eng., Univ. of Oulu, Oulu, Finland]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059580063","display_name":"Tapio Sepp\u00e4nen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3963-0750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tapio Sepp\u00e4nen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Oulu, Finland","[Dept. of Electr. & Inf. Eng., Univ. of Oulu, Oulu, Finland]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. & Inf. Eng., Univ. of Oulu, Oulu, Finland]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9999,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90564922,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"5","first_page":"1216","last_page":"1223"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10436","display_name":"Anesthesia and Sedative Agents","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10436","display_name":"Anesthesia and Sedative Agents","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9799000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propofol","display_name":"Propofol","score":0.9404445886611938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remifentanil","display_name":"Remifentanil","score":0.9312641620635986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anesthesia","display_name":"Anesthesia","score":0.7959300875663757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.7014716863632202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.6336854696273804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anesthetic","display_name":"Anesthetic","score":0.5620807409286499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypnotic","display_name":"Hypnotic","score":0.555512011051178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analgesic","display_name":"Analgesic","score":0.46672168374061584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anesthetic-agent","display_name":"Anesthetic Agent","score":0.4101378321647644}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776277131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422740","display_name":"Propofol","level":2,"score":0.9404445886611938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778891214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417902","display_name":"Remifentanil","level":3,"score":0.9312641620635986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.7959300875663757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.7014716863632202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6336854696273804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778162923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4990531","display_name":"Anesthetic","level":2,"score":0.5620807409286499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780930544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62962","display_name":"Hypnotic","level":2,"score":0.555512011051178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780820201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173235","display_name":"Analgesic","level":2,"score":0.46672168374061584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908650173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthetic Agent","level":3,"score":0.4101378321647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077208","descriptor_name":"Remifentanil","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077208","descriptor_name":"Remifentanil","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077208","descriptor_name":"Remifentanil","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004359","descriptor_name":"Drug Therapy, Combination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004359","descriptor_name":"Drug Therapy, Combination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004359","descriptor_name":"Drug Therapy, Combination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010880","descriptor_name":"Piperidines","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010880","descriptor_name":"Piperidines","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010880","descriptor_name":"Piperidines","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010880","descriptor_name":"Piperidines","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010880","descriptor_name":"Piperidines","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010880","descriptor_name":"Piperidines","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015742","descriptor_name":"Propofol","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015742","descriptor_name":"Propofol","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015742","descriptor_name":"Propofol","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015742","descriptor_name":"Propofol","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015742","descriptor_name":"Propofol","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015742","descriptor_name":"Propofol","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017558","descriptor_name":"Elective Surgical Procedures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017558","descriptor_name":"Elective Surgical Procedures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017558","descriptor_name":"Elective Surgical Procedures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018686","descriptor_name":"Anesthetics, Intravenous","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018686","descriptor_name":"Anesthetics, Intravenous","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018686","descriptor_name":"Anesthetics, Intravenous","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018686","descriptor_name":"Anesthetics, Intravenous","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018686","descriptor_name":"Anesthetics, Intravenous","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018686","descriptor_name":"Anesthetics, Intravenous","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2010.2103560","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2010.2103560","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21216702","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21216702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496834295","https://openalex.org/W1537355731","https://openalex.org/W1977905898","https://openalex.org/W1982443396","https://openalex.org/W1993372844","https://openalex.org/W1996356226","https://openalex.org/W2014915963","https://openalex.org/W2018192452","https://openalex.org/W2027507092","https://openalex.org/W2035836789","https://openalex.org/W2041326817","https://openalex.org/W2049289092","https://openalex.org/W2073973806","https://openalex.org/W2080601119","https://openalex.org/W2089247299","https://openalex.org/W2102599105","https://openalex.org/W2104377364","https://openalex.org/W2104698185","https://openalex.org/W2124440743","https://openalex.org/W2126260437","https://openalex.org/W2137573376","https://openalex.org/W2142638745","https://openalex.org/W2146906038","https://openalex.org/W2153230907","https://openalex.org/W2163835393","https://openalex.org/W2164006695","https://openalex.org/W2193546296","https://openalex.org/W2525591859","https://openalex.org/W4234050163"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2369704159","https://openalex.org/W2466096929","https://openalex.org/W2350247811","https://openalex.org/W2388342822","https://openalex.org/W2359589008","https://openalex.org/W1974348264","https://openalex.org/W2003339380","https://openalex.org/W2502942571","https://openalex.org/W2072665752","https://openalex.org/W2351082315"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"General":[0],"anesthesia":[1,48,60,109],"is":[2,86,98,121],"usually":[3],"induced":[4],"with":[5],"a":[6,65,90,94,156],"combination":[7],"of":[8,34,44,55,59,73,84,104,108,127,130,136,142,146],"drugs.":[9],"In":[10,62],"addition":[11],"to":[12,24,100,111,132,155],"the":[13,32,37,41,45,53,56,70,81,102,125,128,133,140,143,147,151],"hypnotic":[14,27],"agent,":[15],"such":[16],"as":[17],"propofol,":[18],"opioids":[19,35,131],"are":[20,49],"often":[21],"used":[22],"due":[23],"their":[25],"synergistic":[26],"and":[28,40,51,75,110],"analgesic":[29],"properties.":[30],"However,":[31],"effects":[33,72,103],"on":[36],"EEG":[38,85],"changes":[39],"clinical":[42,144],"state":[43,145],"patient":[46,152],"during":[47,106],"complex":[50],"hinder":[52],"interpretation":[54],"EEG-based":[57],"depth":[58],"indexes.":[61],"this":[63],"paper,":[64],"novel":[66],"technology":[67],"for":[68],"separating":[69],"anesthetic":[71],"propofol":[74,105,137],"an":[76],"ultrashort-acting":[77],"opioid,":[78],"remifentanil,":[79],"using":[80],"spectral":[82],"features":[83],"proposed.":[87],"By":[88],"applying":[89],"floating":[91],"search":[92],"method,":[93],"well-performing":[95],"feature":[96],"set":[97],"achieved":[99],"estimate":[101],"induction":[107],"classify":[112],"whether":[113],"or":[114],"not":[115],"remifentanil":[116],"has":[117],"been":[118],"coadministered.":[119],"It":[120],"shown":[122],"that":[123],"including":[124],"detection":[126],"presence":[129],"estimated":[134],"effect":[135],"significantly":[138],"improves":[139],"determination":[141],"patient,":[148],"i.e.,":[149],"if":[150],"will":[153],"respond":[154],"painful":[157],"stimulation.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
