{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2110307501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2010.2053929","title":"An Improved Detrended Moving-Average Method for Monitoring the Depth of Anesthesia","display_name":"An Improved Detrended Moving-Average Method for Monitoring the Depth of Anesthesia","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2110307501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2010.2053929","mag":"2110307501","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20595085"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2010.2053929","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2010.2053929","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039205749","display_name":"Tai Nguyen\u2010Ky","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185523456","display_name":"University of Southern Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjbnx57","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T Nguyen-Ky","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld. 4350, Australia. tai.nguyen@usq.edu.au","University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba Qld Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld. 4350, Australia. tai.nguyen@usq.edu.au","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba Qld Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100725992","display_name":"Peng Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0939-9145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185523456","display_name":"University of Southern Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjbnx57","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia","University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba Qld Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba Qld Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100443879","display_name":"Yan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4694-4926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185523456","display_name":"University of Southern Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjbnx57","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computing, Center of Systems Biology, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia","Dept. of Math. & Comput., Univ. of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld., Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computing, Center of Systems Biology, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Math. & Comput., Univ. of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld., Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7707,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84172517,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"10","first_page":"2369","last_page":"2378"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mdma","display_name":"MDMA","score":0.7361350059509277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detrended-fluctuation-analysis","display_name":"Detrended fluctuation analysis","score":0.7348212599754333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypnotic","display_name":"Hypnotic","score":0.7084706425666809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.5626714825630188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logarithm","display_name":"Logarithm","score":0.5112299919128418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bispectral-index","display_name":"Bispectral index","score":0.4860837757587433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anesthesia","display_name":"Anesthesia","score":0.4765382707118988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4494754672050476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponent","display_name":"Exponent","score":0.4494728744029999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3907482624053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.23388883471488953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.17062944173812866}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69488","display_name":"MDMA","level":2,"score":0.7361350059509277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21689155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2451452","display_name":"Detrended fluctuation analysis","level":3,"score":0.7348212599754333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780930544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62962","display_name":"Hypnotic","level":2,"score":0.7084706425666809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.5626714825630188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39927690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11197","display_name":"Logarithm","level":2,"score":0.5112299919128418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781097354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4918396","display_name":"Bispectral index","level":3,"score":0.4860837757587433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.4765382707118988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4494754672050476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780388253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421508","display_name":"Exponent","level":2,"score":0.4494728744029999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3907482624053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.23388883471488953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.17062944173812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776814716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574801","display_name":"Sedation","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000758","descriptor_name":"Anesthesia","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000758","descriptor_name":"Anesthesia","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000758","descriptor_name":"Anesthesia","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008991","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Physiologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008991","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Physiologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008991","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Physiologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016014","descriptor_name":"Linear Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016014","descriptor_name":"Linear Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016014","descriptor_name":"Linear Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2010.2053929","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2010.2053929","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:20595085","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20595085","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966365494","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W1997281209","https://openalex.org/W1998314658","https://openalex.org/W2000648090","https://openalex.org/W2021652633","https://openalex.org/W2026623386","https://openalex.org/W2033583993","https://openalex.org/W2040327687","https://openalex.org/W2052806391","https://openalex.org/W2096438982","https://openalex.org/W2106706488","https://openalex.org/W2112966028","https://openalex.org/W2128793573","https://openalex.org/W2130186708","https://openalex.org/W2131663662","https://openalex.org/W2131917513","https://openalex.org/W2137778858","https://openalex.org/W2146263973","https://openalex.org/W2146842127","https://openalex.org/W2149976212","https://openalex.org/W2152370373","https://openalex.org/W2153230907","https://openalex.org/W2158940042","https://openalex.org/W2159741665","https://openalex.org/W2162067857","https://openalex.org/W2993383518","https://openalex.org/W3021760027","https://openalex.org/W4214806317","https://openalex.org/W4255272544","https://openalex.org/W6929430738"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3013387849","https://openalex.org/W4303197755","https://openalex.org/W1991718370","https://openalex.org/W2077009331","https://openalex.org/W2290816644","https://openalex.org/W2150506554","https://openalex.org/W1505300262","https://openalex.org/W1678887341","https://openalex.org/W1976074755","https://openalex.org/W2320366957"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,134],"detrended":[1],"moving-average":[2],"(DMA)":[3],"method":[4,116,171],"is":[5,49],"a":[6,34,92,123,175],"new":[7],"approach":[8],"to":[9,62,193],"quantify":[10],"correlation":[11,94],"properties":[12],"in":[13,54,154,179,195],"nonstationary":[14],"signals":[15],"with":[16,84,100,164],"underlying":[17],"trends.":[18],"This":[19],"paper":[20],"monitored":[21],"the":[22,38,43,50,55,60,64,68,77,85,118,139,148,155,196,200],"depth":[23],"of":[24,52,120,122,157,199],"anesthesia":[25,127],"(DoA)":[26],"using":[27],"modified":[28],"DMA":[29],"(MDMA)":[30],"method.":[31],"MDMA":[32,61],"provides":[33],"power-law":[35],"relation":[36],"between":[37,95,138],"fluctuation":[39],"function":[40],"F(MDMA)(s)":[41,53],"and":[42,72,98,108,141,147,183,188],"scale":[44],"s:":[45],"F(MDMA)(s)\u03b1s(\u03b1),":[46],"where":[47],"\u03b1":[48],"slope":[51],"logarithm":[56],"scale.":[57],"We":[58,90],"applied":[59],"monitor":[63],"DoA":[65],"by":[66],"computing":[67],"scaling":[69],"exponent":[70],"F(\u03b1)":[71,182],"F(min)":[73,142,184],"values.":[74],"To":[75],"validate":[76],"proposed":[78],"method,":[79],"we":[80],"compared":[81],"our":[82,96,161,170],"results":[83,97,162],"bispectral":[86],"index":[87],"(BIS)":[88],"monitor.":[89],"found":[91],"close":[93],"BIS":[99,130,140],"r(F":[101],"(min))":[102],"=":[103,106,110,113],"0.9346,":[104],"r(2)(F(min))":[105],"0.9183,":[107],"r(F(\u03b1))":[109],"0.9458,":[111],"r(2)(F(\u03b1))":[112],"0.8855.":[114],"Our":[115],"reflects":[117],"state":[119,178,198],"consciousness":[121],"patient":[124],"undergoing":[125],"general":[126],"faster":[128],"than":[129],"as":[131],"observed":[132],"clinically.":[133],"minimum":[135],"time":[136],"delay":[137],"trends":[143,185],"was":[144,150],"12":[145],"s":[146],"maximum":[149],"178":[151],"s.":[152],"Furthermore,":[153],"case":[156],"poor":[158],"signal":[159],"quality,":[160],"agreed":[163],"clinical":[165,197],"observation,":[166],"which":[167],"indicates":[168],"that":[169],"can":[172],"accurately":[173],"estimate":[174],"patient's":[176],"hypnotic":[177],"such":[180],"circumstances.":[181],"are":[186],"responsive":[187],"their":[189],"movement":[190],"seems":[191],"similar":[192],"changes":[194],"patients.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}