{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2098494660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2009.2019962","title":"Analysis of the Mechanism of Action of Deep Brain Stimulation Using the Concepts of Dither Injection and the Equivalent Nonlinearity","display_name":"Analysis of the Mechanism of Action of Deep Brain Stimulation Using the Concepts of Dither Injection and the Equivalent Nonlinearity","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2098494660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2009.2019962","mag":"2098494660","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19369145"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2009.2019962","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2009.2019962","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014980454","display_name":"Annraoi M. de Paor","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annraoi M. de Paor","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. annraoi.depaor@ucd.ie","Sch. of Electr., Univ. Coll. Dublin, Dublin, , Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. annraoi.depaor@ucd.ie","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr., Univ. Coll. Dublin, Dublin, , Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077901559","display_name":"Madeleine M. Lowery","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6743-360X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madeleine M. Lowery","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sch. of Electr., Univ. Coll. Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","Sch. of Electr., Univ. Coll. Dublin, Dublin, , Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr., Univ. Coll. Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr., Univ. Coll. Dublin, Dublin, , Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3742,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82374101,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"11","first_page":"2717","last_page":"2720"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Neurological disorders and treatments","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Neurological disorders and treatments","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10949","display_name":"Genetic Neurodegenerative Diseases","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dither","display_name":"Dither","score":0.8868688344955444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-brain-stimulation","display_name":"Deep brain stimulation","score":0.705115795135498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.6918694972991943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.5550075173377991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5132086277008057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.511625349521637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation","display_name":"Stimulation","score":0.4970443546772003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurophysiology","display_name":"Neurophysiology","score":0.48604708909988403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4637584984302521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4460356533527374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.411584734916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.27716565132141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2570995092391968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23758283257484436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.17658355832099915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17641359567642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parkinsons-disease","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","score":0.16622179746627808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.13662847876548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.11862406134605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.09651365876197815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-shaping","display_name":"Noise shaping","score":0.09303545951843262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70451592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376493","display_name":"Dither","level":3,"score":0.8868688344955444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778542668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618076","display_name":"Deep brain stimulation","level":4,"score":0.705115795135498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.6918694972991943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5550075173377991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5132086277008057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.511625349521637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.4970443546772003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152478114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660910","display_name":"Neurophysiology","level":2,"score":0.48604708909988403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4637584984302521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4460356533527374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.411584734916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.27716565132141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2570995092391968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23758283257484436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.17658355832099915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17641359567642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779734285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11085","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","level":3,"score":0.16622179746627808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.13662847876548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.11862406134605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.09651365876197815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9083635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2133535","display_name":"Noise shaping","level":2,"score":0.09303545951843262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001479","descriptor_name":"Basal Ganglia","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001479","descriptor_name":"Basal Ganglia","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001479","descriptor_name":"Basal Ganglia","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009415","descriptor_name":"Nerve Net","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009415","descriptor_name":"Nerve Net","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009415","descriptor_name":"Nerve Net","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013813","descriptor_name":"Therapy, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013813","descriptor_name":"Therapy, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013813","descriptor_name":"Therapy, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017711","descriptor_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017711","descriptor_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017711","descriptor_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2009.2019962","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2009.2019962","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19369145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19369145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W36097409","https://openalex.org/W65153156","https://openalex.org/W111157985","https://openalex.org/W123614564","https://openalex.org/W1510554078","https://openalex.org/W1520634081","https://openalex.org/W1544439962","https://openalex.org/W1579773745","https://openalex.org/W1965512224","https://openalex.org/W1981236334","https://openalex.org/W1984268923","https://openalex.org/W1985983039","https://openalex.org/W1987139966","https://openalex.org/W2013170765","https://openalex.org/W2013562242","https://openalex.org/W2029754211","https://openalex.org/W2042447669","https://openalex.org/W2056020273","https://openalex.org/W2060588252","https://openalex.org/W2062233234","https://openalex.org/W2083628144","https://openalex.org/W2087599430","https://openalex.org/W2090662556","https://openalex.org/W2125721859","https://openalex.org/W2146109645","https://openalex.org/W3103563615"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2389128124","https://openalex.org/W2364812720","https://openalex.org/W2138725603","https://openalex.org/W1984486060","https://openalex.org/W2050335563","https://openalex.org/W3001913892","https://openalex.org/W2273639645","https://openalex.org/W2050646564","https://openalex.org/W1507581877","https://openalex.org/W2006255397"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"brain":[1],"stimulation":[2],"(DBS)":[3],"is":[4,18],"a":[5,71],"widely":[6],"applied":[7],"clinical":[8],"procedure":[9],"for":[10,73],"the":[11,23,49,58,75,94],"alleviation":[12],"of":[13,25,30,32,48,51,60,90],"pathological":[14],"neural":[15],"activity,":[16],"and":[17,54],"particularly":[19],"effective":[20],"in":[21,87,93],"suppressing":[22],"symptoms":[24],"Parkinson's":[26],"disease.":[27],"The":[28],"mechanisms":[29],"action":[31],"DBS":[33,47],"remain":[34],"to":[35,46],"be":[36],"fully":[37],"elucidated.":[38],"In":[39],"this":[40,68],"paper,":[41],"we":[42],"present":[43],"an":[44,79],"application":[45],"concepts":[50],"dither":[52],"injection":[53],"equivalent":[55],"nonlinearity":[56],"from":[57],"theory":[59],"nonlinear":[61],"feedback":[62],"control":[63],"systems.":[64],"We":[65],"propose":[66],"that":[67],"model":[69],"provides":[70],"framework":[72],"understanding":[74],"mechanism":[76],"by":[77],"which":[78],"injected":[80],"high-frequency":[81],"signal":[82],"can":[83],"quench":[84],"undesired":[85],"oscillations":[86],"closed-loop":[88],"systems":[89],"interacting":[91],"neurons":[92],"brain.":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}