{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2164866750","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2009.2015935","title":"Multilead Analysis of T-Wave Alternans in the ECG Using Principal Component Analysis","display_name":"Multilead Analysis of T-Wave Alternans in the ECG Using Principal Component Analysis","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-03-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2164866750","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2009.2015935","mag":"2164866750","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19272977"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2009.2015935","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2009.2015935","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088797297","display_name":"Violeta Monasterio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5343-5671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105141","display_name":"Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01gm5f004","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105141"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Violeta Monasterio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Communications Technology Group, Arag\u00f3n Institute of Engineering Research, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Spain. violeta.monasterio@unizar.es","Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Arag\u00f3n, ES"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Communications Technology Group, Arag\u00f3n Institute of Engineering Research, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Spain. violeta.monasterio@unizar.es","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105141","https://openalex.org/I255234318"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Arag\u00f3n, ES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084527753","display_name":"Pablo Laguna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3434-9254"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105141","display_name":"Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01gm5f004","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105141"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pablo Laguna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105141","https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055142189","display_name":"Juan Pablo Mart\u00ed\u00adnez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7503-3339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105141","display_name":"Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01gm5f004","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105141"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Pablo Mart\u00cdnez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105141","https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088797297"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318","https://openalex.org/I4210105141"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1819,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88851351,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"7","first_page":"1880","last_page":"1890"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10217","display_name":"Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10217","display_name":"Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12495","display_name":"Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-wave-alternans","display_name":"T wave alternans","score":0.8413575291633606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.6968543529510498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5584438443183899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5352018475532532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead","display_name":"Lead (geology)","score":0.4957026243209839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49136510491371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.48270344734191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-component-analysis","display_name":"Independent component analysis","score":0.45483726263046265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress-test","display_name":"Stress test","score":0.43607062101364136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.381369411945343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3482328951358795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.33745765686035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sudden-cardiac-death","display_name":"Sudden cardiac death","score":0.3018280863761902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiology","display_name":"Cardiology","score":0.11005491018295288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.0707753598690033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777325121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3613169","display_name":"T wave alternans","level":3,"score":0.8413575291633606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.6968543529510498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5584438443183899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5352018475532532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508345","display_name":"Lead (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4957026243209839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49136510491371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.48270344734191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51432778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259145","display_name":"Independent component analysis","level":2,"score":0.45483726263046265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779201015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1308919","display_name":"Stress test","level":2,"score":0.43607062101364136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.381369411945343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3482328951358795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33745765686035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775935837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202837","display_name":"Sudden cardiac death","level":2,"score":0.3018280863761902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.11005491018295288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0707753598690033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005080","descriptor_name":"Exercise Test","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005080","descriptor_name":"Exercise Test","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005080","descriptor_name":"Exercise Test","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2009.2015935","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2009.2015935","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19272977","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19272977","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984155701","https://openalex.org/W1991433235","https://openalex.org/W2008429100","https://openalex.org/W2009775227","https://openalex.org/W2011966916","https://openalex.org/W2013157031","https://openalex.org/W2013846967","https://openalex.org/W2015803156","https://openalex.org/W2035766144","https://openalex.org/W2061185532","https://openalex.org/W2081231690","https://openalex.org/W2084767174","https://openalex.org/W2093235153","https://openalex.org/W2097187374","https://openalex.org/W2097192307","https://openalex.org/W2102464460","https://openalex.org/W2107095185","https://openalex.org/W2117695256","https://openalex.org/W2127510558","https://openalex.org/W2131807939","https://openalex.org/W2152502128","https://openalex.org/W2160900876","https://openalex.org/W2162538606","https://openalex.org/W2334859129"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2087137779","https://openalex.org/W2187428238","https://openalex.org/W1581740802","https://openalex.org/W2041363330","https://openalex.org/W2025372916","https://openalex.org/W2056063595","https://openalex.org/W2075177274","https://openalex.org/W2970223320","https://openalex.org/W1878698680","https://openalex.org/W1490541616"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"T-wave":[0],"alternans":[1],"(TWA)":[2],"is":[3,36,79],"a":[4,29,48,66,84,90,158],"cardiac":[5,14],"phenomenon":[6],"associated":[7],"with":[8,65,117,129,167,183],"the":[9,26,54,71,111,125,136,154,184],"mechanisms":[10],"leading":[11],"to":[12,19,40,52,83,146],"sudden":[13],"death.":[15],"Several":[16],"methods":[17],"exist":[18],"automatically":[20],"detect":[21,115],"and":[22,32,56,81,99,123,162,176],"estimate":[23],"TWA":[24,116,128,164],"in":[25,93,173],"ECG":[27,149],"on":[28,70],"single-lead":[30,67,85,137,185],"basis,":[31],"their":[33,37],"main":[34],"drawback":[35],"poor":[38],"sensitivity":[39],"low-amplitude":[41],"TWA.":[42,59],"In":[43],"this":[44,168],"paper,":[45],"we":[46],"propose":[47],"multilead":[49,112,155],"analysis":[50,64,141],"scheme":[51,78,86,113,156,169],"improve":[53],"detection":[55,160],"estimation":[57,126],"of":[58,89,97,127],"It":[60],"combines":[61],"principal":[62],"component":[63],"method":[68],"based":[69],"generalized":[72],"likelihood":[73],"ratio":[74],"test.":[75],"The":[76,139],"proposed":[77],"evaluated":[80],"compared":[82],"by":[87],"means":[88],"simulation":[91],"study,":[92],"which":[94],"different":[95,172],"types":[96],"simulated":[98],"physiological":[100],"noise":[101],"are":[102,143,170,181],"considered":[103],"under":[104],"realistic":[105],"conditions.":[106],"Simulation":[107],"results":[108],"show":[109,152],"that":[110,153,163],"can":[114],"an":[118,130],"SNR":[119,131],"30":[120],"dB":[121,133],"lower":[122,134],"allows":[124],"25":[132],"than":[135],"scheme.":[138,186],"two":[140],"schemes":[142],"also":[144],"applied":[145],"stress":[147],"test":[148],"records.":[150],"Results":[151],"provides":[157],"higher":[159],"power":[161],"detections":[165],"obtained":[166],"significantly":[171],"healthy":[174],"volunteers":[175],"ischemic":[177],"patients,":[178],"whereas":[179],"they":[180],"not":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}