{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2149128484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2008.2006025","title":"Knee X-Ray Image Analysis Method for Automated Detection of Osteoarthritis","display_name":"Knee X-Ray Image Analysis Method for Automated Detection of Osteoarthritis","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-10-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2149128484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2008.2006025","mag":"2149128484","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19342330"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2008.2006025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2008.2006025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10923/22262","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042206068","display_name":"Lior Shamir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6207-1491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136305","display_name":"Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/0390vdb22","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136305"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136897","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210136897"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Shamir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Informatics and Computational Biology Unit, Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. shamirl@mail.nih.gov","Division of Geriatric Medicine, Gerontology and Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA","Image Informatics and Computational Biology Unit, Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA","Image Informatics and Computational Biology Unit, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Informatics and Computational Biology Unit, Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. shamirl@mail.nih.gov","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136305","https://openalex.org/I4210136897"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Geriatric Medicine, Gerontology and Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Informatics and Computational Biology Unit, Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210136897"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Informatics and Computational Biology Unit, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111490959","display_name":"S.M. Ling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9521-5445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136897","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210136897"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.M. Ling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA","Division of Geriatric Medicine, Gerontology and Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA","University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136897"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Geriatric Medicine, Gerontology and Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047748639","display_name":"William W. Scott","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W.W. Scott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078062809","display_name":"\u00c2ngelo Jos\u00e9 Gon\u00e7alves B\u00f3s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4901-3155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136897","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210136897"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45643870","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio Grande do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/025vmq686","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45643870"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["BR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Bos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA","Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, MD, Brazil","University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136897"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, MD, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45643870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103199028","display_name":"Nikita Orlov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3716-5146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136897","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210136897"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Orlov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Informatics and Computational Biology Unit, Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA","Image Informatics and Computational Biology Unit, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Informatics and Computational Biology Unit, Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210136897"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Informatics and Computational Biology Unit, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054198486","display_name":"Tomasz Macura","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204442077","display_name":"Trinity College","ror":"https://ror.org/019dhar59","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204442077"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136897","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210136897"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T.J. Macura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Informatics and Computational Biology Unit, Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA","Image Informatics and Computational Biology Unit, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA","Trinity College, Computer Laboratory, Cambridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Informatics and Computational Biology Unit, Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210136897"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Informatics and Computational Biology Unit, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trinity College, Computer Laboratory, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204442077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018913226","display_name":"D. Mark Eckley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2296-5164"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204442077","display_name":"Trinity College","ror":"https://ror.org/019dhar59","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204442077"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136897","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210136897"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D.M. Eckley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Informatics and Computational Biology Unit, Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA","Image Informatics and Computational Biology Unit, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA","Trinity College, Computer Laboratory, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Informatics and Computational Biology Unit, Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210136897"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Informatics and Computational Biology Unit, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trinity College, Computer Laboratory, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204442077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048196698","display_name":"Luigi Ferrucci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6273-1613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136897","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210136897"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Ferrucci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA","University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136897"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055100326","display_name":"I. Goldberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8514-6110"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204442077","display_name":"Trinity College","ror":"https://ror.org/019dhar59","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204442077"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136897","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210136897"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I.G. Goldberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Informatics and Computational Biology Unit, Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA","Image Informatics and Computational Biology Unit, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA","Trinity College, Computer Laboratory, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Informatics and Computational Biology Unit, Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210136897"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Informatics and Computational Biology Unit, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trinity College, Computer Laboratory, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204442077"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.8518,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":232,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98538046,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"2","first_page":"407","last_page":"415"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12647","display_name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Studies","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12647","display_name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Studies","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12994","display_name":"Infrared Thermography in Medicine","score":0.964900016784668,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9645000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osteoarthritis","display_name":"Osteoarthritis","score":0.7036435008049011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6289181113243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6238288283348083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiography","display_name":"Radiography","score":0.4740928113460541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4657121002674103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.45448800921440125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4529328942298889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-nearest-neighbors-algorithm","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","score":0.43542391061782837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-set","display_name":"Test set","score":0.42976027727127075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4231414198875427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3547936677932739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.20261433720588684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.15547198057174683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.1101057231426239}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776164576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62736","display_name":"Osteoarthritis","level":3,"score":0.7036435008049011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6289181113243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6238288283348083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36454342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245341","display_name":"Radiography","level":2,"score":0.4740928113460541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4657121002674103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.45448800921440125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4529328942298889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113238511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071612","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","level":2,"score":0.43542391061782837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Test set","level":2,"score":0.42976027727127075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4231414198875427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3547936677932739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.20261433720588684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.15547198057174683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.1101057231426239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007717","descriptor_name":"Knee","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007717","descriptor_name":"Knee","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007717","descriptor_name":"Knee","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007717","descriptor_name":"Knee","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020370","descriptor_name":"Osteoarthritis, Knee","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020370","descriptor_name":"Osteoarthritis, Knee","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020370","descriptor_name":"Osteoarthritis, Knee","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020370","descriptor_name":"Osteoarthritis, Knee","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2008.2006025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2008.2006025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19342330","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19342330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:meriva.pucrs.br:10923/22262","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10923/22262","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"instacron:PUC_RS","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2665928","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2665928","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:meriva.pucrs.br:10923/22262","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10923/22262","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"instacron:PUC_RS","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G565501244","display_name":"Quantitative morphology of induced phenotypes in cultured cells and tissues","funder_award_id":"1ziaag000674-11","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1570294720","https://openalex.org/W1627054999","https://openalex.org/W1663973292","https://openalex.org/W1861411682","https://openalex.org/W1967057044","https://openalex.org/W1972552638","https://openalex.org/W1981437490","https://openalex.org/W1984141855","https://openalex.org/W1988445395","https://openalex.org/W2009086942","https://openalex.org/W2010073840","https://openalex.org/W2013904927","https://openalex.org/W2018483142","https://openalex.org/W2021862667","https://openalex.org/W2044465660","https://openalex.org/W2066548341","https://openalex.org/W2080863337","https://openalex.org/W2082134998","https://openalex.org/W2086367153","https://openalex.org/W2086936614","https://openalex.org/W2102088298","https://openalex.org/W2111931125","https://openalex.org/W2112735634","https://openalex.org/W2119221556","https://openalex.org/W2133839446","https://openalex.org/W2142082953","https://openalex.org/W2145375470","https://openalex.org/W2147385427","https://openalex.org/W2157005274","https://openalex.org/W2160524243","https://openalex.org/W2164478354","https://openalex.org/W2166533109","https://openalex.org/W2168166653","https://openalex.org/W2168598710","https://openalex.org/W2410010489","https://openalex.org/W2973818247","https://openalex.org/W2988598051","https://openalex.org/W3119264854","https://openalex.org/W6682747227","https://openalex.org/W6770375592"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W650762618","https://openalex.org/W2579996474","https://openalex.org/W4386590483","https://openalex.org/W4242815383","https://openalex.org/W2169904250","https://openalex.org/W4388075929","https://openalex.org/W1902427662","https://openalex.org/W2005234362","https://openalex.org/W2162970382","https://openalex.org/W1997235926"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"describe":[1],"a":[2,60,91,108,167],"method":[3],"for":[4,72,184],"automated":[5],"detection":[6,16,74],"of":[7,31,62,75,153,171],"radiographic":[8],"osteoarthritis":[9],"(OA)":[10],"in":[11,77,99,117,179],"knee":[12],"X-ray":[13,111,122],"images.":[14],"The":[15,34,114,173],"is":[17,55,97,182],"based":[18],"on":[19],"the":[20,28,43,73,78,103,118],"Kellgren-Lawrence":[21],"(KL)":[22],"classification":[23],"grades,":[24],"which":[25,107],"correspond":[26],"to":[27,83,101,106],"different":[29],"stages":[30],"OA":[32,76,135,141,159],"severity.":[33],"classifier":[35],"was":[36,163],"built":[37],"using":[38,87],"manually":[39,125],"classified":[40,124],"X-rays,":[41],"representing":[42],"first":[44,58],"four":[45],"KL":[46,104,128],"grades":[47],"(normal,":[48],"doubtful,":[49],"minimal,":[50],"and":[51,66,80,139,155,177],"moderate).":[52],"Image":[53],"analysis":[54],"performed":[56],"by":[57,126],"identifying":[59],"set":[61],"image":[63,67,85],"content":[64],"descriptors":[65],"transforms":[68],"that":[69,133],"are":[70],"informative":[71],"X-rays":[79],"assigning":[81],"weights":[82],"these":[84],"features":[86],"Fisher":[88],"scores.":[89],"Then,":[90],"simple":[92],"weighted":[93],"nearest":[94],"neighbor":[95],"rule":[96],"used":[98,116,178],"order":[100],"predict":[102],"grade":[105,137,143,161],"given":[109],"test":[110],"sample":[112],"belongs.":[113],"dataset":[115],"experiment":[119],"contained":[120],"350":[121],"images":[123],"their":[127],"grades.":[129],"Experimental":[130],"results":[131],"show":[132],"moderate":[134],"(KL":[136,142,160],"3)":[138],"minimal":[140],"2)":[144],"can":[145],"be":[146],"differentiated":[147],"from":[148],"normal":[149],"cases":[150],"with":[151,166],"accuracy":[152,170],"91.5%":[154],"80.4%,":[156],"respectively.":[157],"Doubtful":[158],"1)":[162],"detected":[164],"automatically":[165],"much":[168],"lower":[169],"57%.":[172],"source":[174],"code":[175],"developed":[176],"this":[180],"study":[181],"available":[183],"free":[185],"download":[186],"at":[187],"www.openmicroscopy.org.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-08-14T07:06:38.338062","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
