{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412718885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbiom.2025.3592880","title":"Offline Signature Verification: Exploring Intra-Variability Across Time Intervals","display_name":"Offline Signature Verification: Exploring Intra-Variability Across Time Intervals","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412718885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbiom.2025.3592880"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbiom.2025.3592880","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbiom.2025.3592880","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209367","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biometrics Behavior and Identity Science","issn_l":"2637-6407","issn":["2637-6407"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kumari Priya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7078-0490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132153292","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Patna","ror":"https://ror.org/01ft5vz71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kumari Priya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, India","Dept. of CSE, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7078-0490","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of CSE, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034677436","display_name":"Chandranath Adak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9085-2770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132153292","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Patna","ror":"https://ror.org/01ft5vz71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chandranath Adak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, India","Dept. of CSE, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9085-2770","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of CSE, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112216039","display_name":"Shreya Anand","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132153292","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Patna","ror":"https://ror.org/01ft5vz71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shivam Anand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, India","Dept. of CSE, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7056-7246","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of CSE, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071701537","display_name":"Soumi Chattopadhyay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9231-4087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33003672","display_name":"Indian Institute of Management Indore","ror":"https://ror.org/02j8pmw82","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33003672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64295750","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Indore","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhf7w52","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soumi Chattopadhyay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India","Dept. of CSE, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9231-4087","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of CSE, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64295750","https://openalex.org/I33003672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1733,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89540881,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"4","first_page":"541","last_page":"549"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9646000266075134,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9639999866485596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signature","display_name":"Signature (topology)","score":0.6365278959274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41968420147895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23416456580162048}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.6365278959274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41968420147895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23416456580162048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbiom.2025.3592880","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbiom.2025.3592880","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209367","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biometrics Behavior and Identity Science","issn_l":"2637-6407","issn":["2637-6407"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8284409338","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SRG/2022/002151","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334771","funder_display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Board"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334771","display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","ror":"https://ror.org/03ffdsr55"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1662842982","https://openalex.org/W1818652104","https://openalex.org/W1983010777","https://openalex.org/W2012150934","https://openalex.org/W2020774984","https://openalex.org/W2032098242","https://openalex.org/W2053219667","https://openalex.org/W2101807845","https://openalex.org/W2112265819","https://openalex.org/W2119717200","https://openalex.org/W2127551029","https://openalex.org/W2131991463","https://openalex.org/W2152446828","https://openalex.org/W2156338447","https://openalex.org/W2170737087","https://openalex.org/W2234894041","https://openalex.org/W2280957996","https://openalex.org/W2302255633","https://openalex.org/W2440390995","https://openalex.org/W2529337655","https://openalex.org/W2602987790","https://openalex.org/W2607712335","https://openalex.org/W2614376571","https://openalex.org/W2793006349","https://openalex.org/W2900050810","https://openalex.org/W2911424601","https://openalex.org/W2912359110","https://openalex.org/W2949658730","https://openalex.org/W2963132249","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963524959","https://openalex.org/W2965031610","https://openalex.org/W2979327480","https://openalex.org/W2990961119","https://openalex.org/W2997729649","https://openalex.org/W4296079497","https://openalex.org/W4310150488","https://openalex.org/W4312489210","https://openalex.org/W4385484780","https://openalex.org/W4385814227","https://openalex.org/W4388821885","https://openalex.org/W4396552486"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Handwritten":[0],"signatures":[1,48,102],"remain":[2],"a":[3,59,70,86,95],"fundamental":[4],"personal":[5],"identifier,":[6],"widely":[7],"employed":[8],"for":[9,36,54],"authentication":[10,38],"in":[11],"many":[12],"countries":[13],"despite":[14],"the":[15,18,45,92,117,136],"advent":[16],"of":[17,47,94],"digital":[19],"age.":[20],"Their":[21],"inherent":[22],"variability,":[23],"influenced":[24],"by":[25],"factors,":[26],"e.g.,":[27],"mood,":[28],"writing":[29,32],"speed,":[30],"and":[31,109,131,142],"tool,":[33],"poses":[34],"challenges":[35],"robust":[37],"systems.":[39],"This":[40],"paper":[41],"focuses":[42],"on":[43,116,129,139],"analyzing":[44],"intra-variability":[46],"collected":[49],"intermittently":[50],"over":[51],"extended":[52],"periods":[53],"individual":[55],"signers.":[56],"We":[57],"propose":[58],"novel":[60],"model":[61,127,137],"utilizing":[62],"an":[63],"incremental":[64],"graph":[65],"convolutional":[66],"network":[67],"integrated":[68],"with":[69,106],"reinforcement":[71],"learning-based":[72],"attention":[73],"mechanism":[74],"to":[75,91,134],"capture":[76],"these":[77],"temporal":[78],"variations":[79],"effectively.":[80],"For":[81],"experimentation,":[82],"we":[83,124],"have":[84],"created":[85],"database":[87],"(say,":[88],"SignIT)":[89],"due":[90],"unavailability":[93],"dataset":[96],"as":[97],"per":[98],"our":[99,126],"requirement,":[100],"comprising":[101],"from":[103],"100":[104],"individuals":[105],"64":[107,110],"genuine":[108],"forged":[111],"samples":[112],"each.":[113],"Our":[114],"experiments":[115],"SignIT":[118],"produced":[119],"some":[120],"interesting":[121],"results.":[122],"Additionally,":[123],"checked":[125],"performance":[128],"BHSig-Hindi":[130],"BHSig-Bengali":[132],"datasets":[133],"check":[135],"efficacy":[138],"benchmark":[140],"datasets,":[141],"obtained":[143],"encouraging":[144],"outcomes.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-25T23:04:38.658462","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
