{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408323644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbiom.2025.3550430","title":"Micro-Expression Classification With Weighted Locally Constrained Graph Network","display_name":"Micro-Expression Classification With Weighted Locally Constrained Graph Network","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408323644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbiom.2025.3550430"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbiom.2025.3550430","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbiom.2025.3550430","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209367","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biometrics Behavior and Identity Science","issn_l":"2637-6407","issn":["2637-6407"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015674113","display_name":"Ankith Jain Rakesh Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5225-1149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ankith Jain Rakesh Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5225-1149","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071522801","display_name":"Bir Bhanu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8971-6416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bir Bhanu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8971-6416","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1034,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75094614,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"4","first_page":"695","last_page":"709"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.8637999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.8637999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.770799994468689,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.7447999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4990506172180176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41699928045272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4124002754688263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4047819972038269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.3406006097793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3309423625469208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4990506172180176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41699928045272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4124002754688263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4047819972038269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.3406006097793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3309423625469208}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbiom.2025.3550430","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbiom.2025.3550430","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209367","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biometrics Behavior and Identity Science","issn_l":"2637-6407","issn":["2637-6407"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G788425555","display_name":"RI: Small: Understanding Subtle Non-Social Facial Expressivity to Boost Learning and Computer Interaction","funder_award_id":"1911197","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1854318472","https://openalex.org/W1998391547","https://openalex.org/W2004488506","https://openalex.org/W2006426145","https://openalex.org/W2044106642","https://openalex.org/W2072038603","https://openalex.org/W2139916508","https://openalex.org/W2154823510","https://openalex.org/W2426188534","https://openalex.org/W2478411578","https://openalex.org/W2623355927","https://openalex.org/W2766856748","https://openalex.org/W2883752401","https://openalex.org/W2907101105","https://openalex.org/W2911617386","https://openalex.org/W2958471948","https://openalex.org/W2962162344","https://openalex.org/W2963230974","https://openalex.org/W2963966377","https://openalex.org/W2964051675","https://openalex.org/W2964606879","https://openalex.org/W2970981431","https://openalex.org/W2996310233","https://openalex.org/W3080663431","https://openalex.org/W3080756971","https://openalex.org/W3092753574","https://openalex.org/W3092956019","https://openalex.org/W3096596051","https://openalex.org/W3098002894","https://openalex.org/W3119183551","https://openalex.org/W3129176834","https://openalex.org/W3158445386","https://openalex.org/W3166557310","https://openalex.org/W3178133774","https://openalex.org/W3182710365","https://openalex.org/W3195543922","https://openalex.org/W4292794063","https://openalex.org/W4292862449","https://openalex.org/W4296204322","https://openalex.org/W4310553896","https://openalex.org/W4319073169","https://openalex.org/W4319299995","https://openalex.org/W4385804971","https://openalex.org/W4386047789","https://openalex.org/W4386075510","https://openalex.org/W4386076581","https://openalex.org/W4387760639","https://openalex.org/W4391969870","https://openalex.org/W4392294350","https://openalex.org/W4392910608","https://openalex.org/W4397031783","https://openalex.org/W4402917208","https://openalex.org/W4403390211","https://openalex.org/W4409916698"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W1979597421","https://openalex.org/W2007980826","https://openalex.org/W2061531152","https://openalex.org/W3002753104","https://openalex.org/W2077600819","https://openalex.org/W2142036596","https://openalex.org/W2072657027","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Micro-expressions":[0],"are":[1,6],"non-verbal":[2],"communication":[3],"cues":[4],"that":[5,11,92,189],"often":[7,41],"brief":[8],"and":[9,61,99,114,123,146,204,212],"subtle":[10],"make":[12],"their":[13,34],"recognition":[14],"difficult.":[15],"Despite":[16],"the":[17,66,119,137,190],"progress":[18],"made":[19],"by":[20,156,206],"deep":[21],"learning-based":[22],"methods,":[23],"especially":[24],"graph-based":[25],"approaches,":[26],"micro-expression":[27,199],"classification":[28],"still":[29],"faces":[30],"challenges":[31],"in":[32,57],"detecting":[33],"intricate":[35],"features.":[36,163,185],"Graph":[37],"neural":[38],"networks":[39],"(GNNs)":[40],"suffer":[42],"from":[43,144],"oversmoothing":[44],"problems,":[45],"where":[46],"node":[47,97],"features":[48,98,102],"become":[49],"overly":[50],"similar":[51],"during":[52],"iterative":[53],"message":[54],"passing,":[55],"resulting":[56],"reduced":[58],"discriminative":[59],"capacity":[60],"an":[62],"inability":[63],"to":[64,96,160],"comprehend":[65],"graph\u2019s":[67],"diverse":[68],"structural":[69],"information.":[70],"To":[71,164],"address":[72],"these":[73],"limitations,":[74],"this":[75],"paper":[76,128],"introduces":[77],"a":[78,104,130,168,175],"novel":[79],"weighted":[80],"edge-node":[81],"locally":[82],"constrained":[83],"graph":[84,105,170],"attention":[85,106],"network":[86,178],"(WLC-GAT)":[87],"which":[88],"uses":[89],"Dirichlet":[90],"energy":[91],"is":[93,172],"automatically":[94],"applied":[95],"global/local":[100],"edge":[101,125],"within":[103],"network,":[107],"ensuring":[108],"feature":[109],"distinctiveness":[110],"for":[111,136],"each":[112,152],"class":[113],"preserving":[115],"crucial":[116],"information":[117,167],"about":[118],"relationships":[120],"between":[121],"nodes":[122],"related":[124],"structures.":[126],"The":[127],"utilizes":[129],"sliding":[131],"window":[132],"optical":[133,157],"flow":[134,158],"approach":[135,192],"automated":[138],"selection":[139],"of":[140],"high-intensity":[141],"expression":[142],"frames":[143],"videos":[145],"selects":[147],"varying":[148],"patch":[149],"sizes":[150],"across":[151],"landmark":[153],"point":[154],"determined":[155],"data":[159],"extract":[161],"better":[162],"capture":[165],"spatiotemporal":[166],"three-frame":[169],"structure":[171],"used.":[173],"Finally,":[174],"dual-channel":[176],"WLC-GAT":[177],"fusion":[179],"focuses":[180],"on":[181,197,209],"discovering":[182],"correlations":[183],"among":[184],"Empirical":[186],"experiments":[187],"demonstrate":[188],"proposed":[191],"consistently":[193],"outperforms":[194],"existing":[195],"methods":[196],"three":[198],"databases":[200],"(SAMM,":[201],"CASME":[202],"II,":[203],"SMIC)":[205],"significant":[207],"margins":[208],"both":[210],"single":[211],"composite":[213],"databases.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}