{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3160228533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbiom.2021.3115465","title":"Biometrics: Trust, But Verify","display_name":"Biometrics: Trust, But Verify","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3160228533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbiom.2021.3115465","mag":"3160228533"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbiom.2021.3115465","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbiom.2021.3115465","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209367","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biometrics Behavior and Identity Science","issn_l":"2637-6407","issn":["2637-6407"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.06625","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100613677","display_name":"Anil K. Jain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6369-6995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anil K. Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6369-6995","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045998517","display_name":"Debayan Deb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3594-0855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Debayan Deb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3594-0855","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015429161","display_name":"Joshua J. Engelsma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2264-8313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua J. Engelsma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","\u2002Michigan State University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2264-8313","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2002Michigan State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7721,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70214903,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"3","first_page":"303","last_page":"323"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.91713947057724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.6771196722984314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6746952533721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.665966808795929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/globe","display_name":"Globe","score":0.5998622179031372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4743677079677582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.47209590673446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3230127692222595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2259320318698883}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.91713947057724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.6771196722984314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6746952533721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.665966808795929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775899829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109007","display_name":"Globe","level":2,"score":0.5998622179031372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4743677079677582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.47209590673446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3230127692222595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2259320318698883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbiom.2021.3115465","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbiom.2021.3115465","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209367","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biometrics Behavior and Identity Science","issn_l":"2637-6407","issn":["2637-6407"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2105.06625","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2105.06625","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.06625","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3160228533","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.06625.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2105.06625","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2105.06625","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2105.06625","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2105.06625","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.06625","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3160228533.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":329,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W61962043","https://openalex.org/W117975506","https://openalex.org/W622941217","https://openalex.org/W1480491915","https://openalex.org/W1490122681","https://openalex.org/W1526254449","https://openalex.org/W1558778037","https://openalex.org/W1577532209","https://openalex.org/W1594857818","https://openalex.org/W1599789598","https://openalex.org/W1626992774","https://openalex.org/W1782590233","https://openalex.org/W1787539849","https://openalex.org/W1824983686","https://openalex.org/W1825675169","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1915485278","https://openalex.org/W1949778830","https://openalex.org/W1951183756","https://openalex.org/W1969793586","https://openalex.org/W1971062533","https://openalex.org/W1974436615","https://openalex.org/W1976018444","https://openalex.org/W1976230226","https://openalex.org/W1978642336","https://openalex.org/W1993986275","https://openalex.org/W2004022907","https://openalex.org/W2005399687","https://openalex.org/W2014297961","https://openalex.org/W2022596562","https://openalex.org/W2029973200","https://openalex.org/W2030165613","https://openalex.org/W2041942569","https://openalex.org/W2050770647","https://openalex.org/W2063355793","https://openalex.org/W2072273451","https://openalex.org/W2091562482","https://openalex.org/W2092988036","https://openalex.org/W2096250549","https://openalex.org/W2101831789","https://openalex.org/W2111440402","https://openalex.org/W2112523819","https://openalex.org/W2115916845","https://openalex.org/W2122742052","https://openalex.org/W2126870276","https://openalex.org/W2130817593","https://openalex.org/W2134113392","https://openalex.org/W2136903812","https://openalex.org/W2136975665","https://openalex.org/W2139055193","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2152472358","https://openalex.org/W2159577413","https://openalex.org/W2165335818","https://openalex.org/W2179053746","https://openalex.org/W2187810150","https://openalex.org/W2265356345","https://openalex.org/W2275889727","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2341251094","https://openalex.org/W2435004937","https://openalex.org/W2435473771","https://openalex.org/W2464026376","https://openalex.org/W2515770085","https://openalex.org/W2522438482","https://openalex.org/W2536282727","https://openalex.org/W2561975083","https://openalex.org/W2566864799","https://openalex.org/W2572045081","https://openalex.org/W2573660794","https://openalex.org/W2575969892","https://openalex.org/W2578517905","https://openalex.org/W2590523583","https://openalex.org/W2593892853","https://openalex.org/W2594633041","https://openalex.org/W2594867206","https://openalex.org/W2602244503","https://openalex.org/W2605409611","https://openalex.org/W2605631833","https://openalex.org/W2606462007","https://openalex.org/W2606937201","https://openalex.org/W2616399473","https://openalex.org/W2618043096","https://openalex.org/W2618277480","https://openalex.org/W2618672278","https://openalex.org/W2622164399","https://openalex.org/W2626639386","https://openalex.org/W2737047298","https://openalex.org/W2738874969","https://openalex.org/W2739207911","https://openalex.org/W2741881058","https://openalex.org/W2754376709","https://openalex.org/W2760099453","https://openalex.org/W2765384636","https://openalex.org/W2776621604","https://openalex.org/W2778540638","https://openalex.org/W2788481061","https://openalex.org/W2790392345","https://openalex.org/W2791953061","https://openalex.org/W2792142247","https://openalex.org/W2792557137","https://openalex.org/W2798724621","https://openalex.org/W2803380720","https://openalex.org/W2884974918","https://openalex.org/W2887603965","https://openalex.org/W2889868664","https://openalex.org/W2896439386","https://openalex.org/W2902531018","https://openalex.org/W2902576802","https://openalex.org/W2902883919","https://openalex.org/W2904624289","https://openalex.org/W2906483705","https://openalex.org/W2907969044","https://openalex.org/W2908561578","https://openalex.org/W2911634291","https://openalex.org/W2912376035","https://openalex.org/W2913239513","https://openalex.org/W2917641056","https://openalex.org/W2940483533","https://openalex.org/W2940796876","https://openalex.org/W2941733693","https://openalex.org/W2941741312","https://openalex.org/W2942039787","https://openalex.org/W2951798337","https://openalex.org/W2956066883","https://openalex.org/W2962059918","https://openalex.org/W2962759300","https://openalex.org/W2962851944","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2962862931","https://openalex.org/W2962872506","https://openalex.org/W2962895364","https://openalex.org/W2962898354","https://openalex.org/W2963022058","https://openalex.org/W2963165122","https://openalex.org/W2963207607","https://openalex.org/W2963384482","https://openalex.org/W2963389226","https://openalex.org/W2963428752","https://openalex.org/W2963443739","https://openalex.org/W2963626858","https://openalex.org/W2963656031","https://openalex.org/W2963691377","https://openalex.org/W2963695663","https://openalex.org/W2963801501","https://openalex.org/W2963920068","https://openalex.org/W2963953476","https://openalex.org/W2963989815","https://openalex.org/W2964003763","https://openalex.org/W2964009128","https://openalex.org/W2964116600","https://openalex.org/W2964150091","https://openalex.org/W2964197269","https://openalex.org/W2964224652","https://openalex.org/W2964253222","https://openalex.org/W2967497108","https://openalex.org/W2969985801","https://openalex.org/W2969994491","https://openalex.org/W2970941190","https://openalex.org/W2972986629","https://openalex.org/W2975084324","https://openalex.org/W2976439153","https://openalex.org/W2981186301","https://openalex.org/W2981515171","https://openalex.org/W2982232682","https://openalex.org/W2984006054","https://openalex.org/W2985312927","https://openalex.org/W2986674980","https://openalex.org/W2989282534","https://openalex.org/W2996883050","https://openalex.org/W3005670606","https://openalex.org/W3005709038","https://openalex.org/W3005713865","https://openalex.org/W3005726865","https://openalex.org/W3005797878","https://openalex.org/W3005942205","https://openalex.org/W3005973417","https://openalex.org/W3005991297","https://openalex.org/W3006345491","https://openalex.org/W3006433045","https://openalex.org/W3006445329","https://openalex.org/W3006641690","https://openalex.org/W3007280101","https://openalex.org/W3009247505","https://openalex.org/W3010027707","https://openalex.org/W3013569469","https://openalex.org/W3013854549","https://openalex.org/W3016937276","https://openalex.org/W3024900742","https://openalex.org/W3024919049","https://openalex.org/W3034190247","https://openalex.org/W3034256900","https://openalex.org/W3035028247","https://openalex.org/W3035232573","https://openalex.org/W3035263140","https://openalex.org/W3035669277","https://openalex.org/W3037702798","https://openalex.org/W3038930935","https://openalex.org/W3043238636","https://openalex.org/W3045209015","https://openalex.org/W3046340337","https://openalex.org/W3046357449","https://openalex.org/W3048511172","https://openalex.org/W3069839690","https://openalex.org/W3080978033","https://openalex.org/W3082511295","https://openalex.org/W3083492569","https://openalex.org/W3083508630","https://openalex.org/W3083589295","https://openalex.org/W3083910051","https://openalex.org/W3087838504","https://openalex.org/W3089938003","https://openalex.org/W3091059919","https://openalex.org/W3091246867","https://openalex.org/W3092393585","https://openalex.org/W3093191317","https://openalex.org/W3093439264","https://openalex.org/W3097003645","https://openalex.org/W3097243384","https://openalex.org/W3101150919","https://openalex.org/W3101609372","https://openalex.org/W3101824741","https://openalex.org/W3104084024","https://openalex.org/W3107942585","https://openalex.org/W3108448183","https://openalex.org/W3112444857","https://openalex.org/W3114415986","https://openalex.org/W3116054336","https://openalex.org/W3118514458","https://openalex.org/W3118857593","https://openalex.org/W3118940050","https://openalex.org/W3119296163","https://openalex.org/W3119391778","https://openalex.org/W3119657573","https://openalex.org/W3120005229","https://openalex.org/W3120110650","https://openalex.org/W3120866375","https://openalex.org/W3120945007","https://openalex.org/W3126759488","https://openalex.org/W3127018026","https://openalex.org/W3127233377","https://openalex.org/W3128757001","https://openalex.org/W3131158285","https://openalex.org/W3133501744","https://openalex.org/W3134169675","https://openalex.org/W3135423952","https://openalex.org/W3140912575","https://openalex.org/W3142093563","https://openalex.org/W3144792660","https://openalex.org/W3149698317","https://openalex.org/W3154227470","https://openalex.org/W3158688145","https://openalex.org/W3158854224","https://openalex.org/W3159830976","https://openalex.org/W3159850320","https://openalex.org/W3160000035","https://openalex.org/W3161922222","https://openalex.org/W3174870375","https://openalex.org/W3175998650","https://openalex.org/W3176617189","https://openalex.org/W3183943918","https://openalex.org/W3183950695","https://openalex.org/W3186643354","https://openalex.org/W4229494842","https://openalex.org/W4232109309","https://openalex.org/W4237298679","https://openalex.org/W4238768900","https://openalex.org/W4244126701","https://openalex.org/W4247942895","https://openalex.org/W6600775540","https://openalex.org/W6636759762","https://openalex.org/W6638056383","https://openalex.org/W6638389677","https://openalex.org/W6639204139","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6680202767","https://openalex.org/W6685133223","https://openalex.org/W6687199240","https://openalex.org/W6729756640","https://openalex.org/W6733645847","https://openalex.org/W6734194636","https://openalex.org/W6734483310","https://openalex.org/W6734787559","https://openalex.org/W6736296761","https://openalex.org/W6736518430","https://openalex.org/W6736640963","https://openalex.org/W6737947904","https://openalex.org/W6739575509","https://openalex.org/W6739868092","https://openalex.org/W6743284318","https://openalex.org/W6744679260","https://openalex.org/W6745272055","https://openalex.org/W6745571688","https://openalex.org/W6746402973","https://openalex.org/W6748204703","https://openalex.org/W6748382702","https://openalex.org/W6748711285","https://openalex.org/W6748965907","https://openalex.org/W6750751420","https://openalex.org/W6755123594","https://openalex.org/W6755310938","https://openalex.org/W6757619422","https://openalex.org/W6761269682","https://openalex.org/W6762255525","https://openalex.org/W6764098168","https://openalex.org/W6764246991","https://openalex.org/W6764733053","https://openalex.org/W6766522276","https://openalex.org/W6769351254","https://openalex.org/W6770751163","https://openalex.org/W6771927815","https://openalex.org/W6775604179","https://openalex.org/W6777441250","https://openalex.org/W6780116240","https://openalex.org/W6781173686","https://openalex.org/W6783712847","https://openalex.org/W6783865005","https://openalex.org/W6784571679","https://openalex.org/W6784813393","https://openalex.org/W6785112715","https://openalex.org/W6786489914","https://openalex.org/W6787338943","https://openalex.org/W6790476583","https://openalex.org/W6790531935","https://openalex.org/W6790916615","https://openalex.org/W6791852951","https://openalex.org/W6792555528","https://openalex.org/W6792829127","https://openalex.org/W6795199231"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3207211939","https://openalex.org/W2265356345","https://openalex.org/W2912110968","https://openalex.org/W1968059045","https://openalex.org/W1031354991","https://openalex.org/W3162758246","https://openalex.org/W3172038631","https://openalex.org/W1524682941","https://openalex.org/W2260738725","https://openalex.org/W3210167118","https://openalex.org/W2565488492","https://openalex.org/W2153396257","https://openalex.org/W2332341220","https://openalex.org/W2912487318","https://openalex.org/W2072061766","https://openalex.org/W78216528","https://openalex.org/W2152629954","https://openalex.org/W3168573078","https://openalex.org/W1966763635","https://openalex.org/W2495104729"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,16,24,42,59,78,83,115,120,128,156,175,186],"past":[2],"two":[3],"decades,":[4],"biometric":[5,34,45,63,187,192],"recognition":[6,35,46,64,97,135,193],"has":[7,164],"exploded":[8],"into":[9,184],"a":[10,50],"plethora":[11],"of":[12,27,41,44,52,62,70,88,119,127,153,155,170],"different":[13],"applications":[14],"around":[15],"globe.":[17],"This":[18],"proliferation":[19],"can":[20,189],"be":[21],"attributed":[22],"to":[23,58,95,122,167,197],"high":[25],"levels":[26],"authentication":[28],"accuracy":[29],"and":[30,55,81,108,117,137,143,173,202],"user":[31,144],"convenience":[32],"that":[33,66,163],"systems":[36,65,121,194],"afford":[37],"end-users.":[38],"However,":[39],"in-spite":[40],"success":[43],"systems,":[47,136],"there":[48],"are":[49],"number":[51],"outstanding":[53],"problems":[54,90],"concerns":[56,139,172],"pertaining":[57],"various":[60],"sub-modules":[61],"create":[67],"an":[68,151],"element":[69],"mistrust":[71],"in":[72],"their":[73],"use":[74],"-":[75],"both":[76],"by":[77,133],"scientific":[79],"community":[80,188],"also":[82],"public":[84],"at":[85],"large.":[86],"Some":[87],"these":[89,171],"include:":[91],"i)":[92],"questions":[93],"related":[94],"system":[96],"performance,":[98],"ii)":[99],"security":[100,203],"(spoof":[101],"attacks,":[102,104],"adversarial":[103],"template":[105],"reconstruction":[106],"attacks":[107],"demographic":[109],"information":[110],"leakage),":[111],"iii)":[112],"uncertainty":[113],"over":[114,140],"bias":[116],"fairness":[118],"all":[123],"users,":[124],"iv)":[125],"explainability":[126],"seemingly":[129],"black-box":[130],"decisions":[131],"made":[132],"most":[134],"v)":[138],"data":[141],"centralization":[142],"privacy.":[145],"In":[146],"this":[147],"paper,":[148],"we":[149,181],"provide":[150,182],"overview":[152],"each":[154,169],"aforementioned":[157],"open-ended":[158],"challenges.":[159],"We":[160],"survey":[161],"work":[162],"been":[165],"conducted":[166],"address":[168,190],"highlight":[174],"issues":[176,196],"requiring":[177],"further":[178],"attention.":[179],"Finally,":[180],"insights":[183],"how":[185],"core":[191],"design":[195],"better":[198],"instill":[199],"trust,":[200],"fairness,":[201],"for":[204],"all.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}