{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3156765634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbiom.2021.3073666","title":"Inverse Biometrics: Generating Vascular Images From Binary Templates","display_name":"Inverse Biometrics: Generating Vascular Images From Binary Templates","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3156765634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbiom.2021.3073666","mag":"3156765634"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbiom.2021.3073666","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbiom.2021.3073666","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8423754/9631116/09406956.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209367","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biometrics Behavior and Identity Science","issn_l":"2637-6407","issn":["2637-6407"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8423754/9631116/09406956.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037016808","display_name":"Christof Kauba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2716-1360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182212641","display_name":"University of Salzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/05gs8cd61","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182212641"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["AT","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christof Kauba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Sciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria","Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2716-1360","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182212641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020025107","display_name":"Simon Kirchgasser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4836-0913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182212641","display_name":"University of Salzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/05gs8cd61","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182212641"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["AT","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Kirchgasser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Sciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria","Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4836-0913","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182212641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056930369","display_name":"Vahid Mirjalili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0300-5344"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vahid Mirjalili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0300-5344","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062946437","display_name":"Andreas Uhl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5921-8755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182212641","display_name":"University of Salzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/05gs8cd61","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182212641"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Uhl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Sciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182212641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061834795","display_name":"Arun Ross","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8850-3013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arun Ross","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8850-3013","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4695,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89752343,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"464","last_page":"478"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9377999901771545,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.862977921962738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.747055172920227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6883352398872375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6802611947059631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/template","display_name":"Template","score":0.6706579923629761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grayscale","display_name":"Grayscale","score":0.6515231132507324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6355001330375671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-image","display_name":"Binary image","score":0.544285774230957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5288370847702026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.46991482377052307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3242688775062561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.31966453790664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.2493886947631836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13955757021903992}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.862977921962738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.747055172920227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6883352398872375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6802611947059631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82714645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q438331","display_name":"Template","level":2,"score":0.6706579923629761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.6515231132507324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6355001330375671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193828747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864118","display_name":"Binary image","level":4,"score":0.544285774230957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5288370847702026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.46991482377052307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3242688775062561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.31966453790664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2493886947631836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13955757021903992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbiom.2021.3073666","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbiom.2021.3073666","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8423754/9631116/09406956.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209367","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biometrics Behavior and Identity Science","issn_l":"2637-6407","issn":["2637-6407"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbiom.2021.3073666","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbiom.2021.3073666","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8423754/9631116/09406956.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209367","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biometrics Behavior and Identity Science","issn_l":"2637-6407","issn":["2637-6407"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2887816175","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1618518","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6652279030","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"690907","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7842005466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon 2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8604591799","display_name":"Advanced Methods and Applications for Fingervein Recognition","funder_award_id":"P32201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321181","funder_display_name":"Austrian Science Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321181","display_name":"Austrian Science Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/013tf3c58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3156765634.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3156765634.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W191940071","https://openalex.org/W645926012","https://openalex.org/W1481502799","https://openalex.org/W1490122681","https://openalex.org/W1508148916","https://openalex.org/W1512403036","https://openalex.org/W1585854606","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1966602166","https://openalex.org/W1981872252","https://openalex.org/W1991620112","https://openalex.org/W2001412060","https://openalex.org/W2002454408","https://openalex.org/W2004617923","https://openalex.org/W2005399687","https://openalex.org/W2014297961","https://openalex.org/W2022596562","https://openalex.org/W2037340447","https://openalex.org/W2037829978","https://openalex.org/W2058362416","https://openalex.org/W2071450451","https://openalex.org/W2096521846","https://openalex.org/W2101068842","https://openalex.org/W2102780391","https://openalex.org/W2111896212","https://openalex.org/W2118323481","https://openalex.org/W2118944716","https://openalex.org/W2129905915","https://openalex.org/W2130813054","https://openalex.org/W2146112636","https://openalex.org/W2147668280","https://openalex.org/W2149064334","https://openalex.org/W2159577413","https://openalex.org/W2167226414","https://openalex.org/W2170371365","https://openalex.org/W2212893750","https://openalex.org/W2284457152","https://openalex.org/W2308529009","https://openalex.org/W2461158874","https://openalex.org/W2480951315","https://openalex.org/W2736829601","https://openalex.org/W2758913579","https://openalex.org/W2790806434","https://openalex.org/W2798724621","https://openalex.org/W2806245398","https://openalex.org/W2811014381","https://openalex.org/W2829809168","https://openalex.org/W2903189790","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2963567641","https://openalex.org/W2963626105","https://openalex.org/W2963767194","https://openalex.org/W2963800363","https://openalex.org/W2984049105","https://openalex.org/W2997253974","https://openalex.org/W2997756679","https://openalex.org/W3005370840","https://openalex.org/W3013201416","https://openalex.org/W3034600949","https://openalex.org/W3096831136","https://openalex.org/W3103761243","https://openalex.org/W3119896570","https://openalex.org/W4246794637","https://openalex.org/W6617411900","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6674194619","https://openalex.org/W6712057388","https://openalex.org/W6769482438","https://openalex.org/W7033493630"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121300814","https://openalex.org/W2794937160","https://openalex.org/W2117032909","https://openalex.org/W2382981128","https://openalex.org/W3211577380","https://openalex.org/W2783731054","https://openalex.org/W2555326716","https://openalex.org/W2740804836","https://openalex.org/W4212888919","https://openalex.org/W2372096583"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,71,168],"work,":[2],"we":[3],"investigate":[4],"the":[5,28,100,109,120,141,172],"possibility":[6],"of":[7,11,30,61,65,76,147,158,167,183],"generating":[8],"grayscale":[9],"images":[10,103,111,132,142],"finger":[12,83],"and":[13,39,86,139],"hand":[14,88],"vein":[15,84,89],"patterns":[16],"from":[17,43,104,144],"their":[18,105],"corresponding":[19],"binary":[20,44,66,106,184],"templates.":[21],"This":[22],"would":[23],"allow":[24],"us":[25],"to":[26,46,98,153],"determine":[27],"invertibility":[29],"vascular":[31,102],"templates,":[32,178],"which":[33],"has":[34],"implications":[35],"in":[36,133],"biometric":[37,116,161,177],"security":[38],"privacy.":[40],"The":[41,59,165],"transformation":[42],"features":[45,67,148,159],"a":[47,53,74,134,155],"gray-scale":[48],"image":[49],"is":[50,68,96],"accomplished":[51],"using":[52,70,80],"Pix2Pix":[54],"Convolutional":[55],"Neural":[56],"Network":[57],"(CNN).":[58],"reversibility":[60],"6":[62],"different":[63,135,156],"types":[64],"evaluated":[69],"CNN.":[72],"Further,":[73],"number":[75],"experiments":[77],"are":[78,182],"conducted":[79],"8":[81],"distinct":[82],"datasets":[85],"3":[87],"datasets.":[90],"Results":[91],"indicate":[92],"that":[93],"(a)":[94],"it":[95],"possible":[97],"reconstruct":[99],"considered":[101],"templates;":[107],"(b)":[108],"reconstructed":[110,143],"can":[112,126,149],"be":[113,127,150],"used":[114,129,152],"for":[115,130,160,174],"recognition":[117,162],"purposes;":[118],"(c)":[119],"CNN":[121],"trained":[122],"on":[123],"one":[124,145],"dataset":[125,136],"successfully":[128,151],"reconstructing":[131],"(cross-dataset":[137],"reconstruction);":[138],"(d)":[140],"set":[146,157],"extract":[154],"(cross-feature-set":[163],"generalization).":[164],"results":[166],"research":[169],"further":[170],"underscore":[171],"need":[173],"properly":[175],"securing":[176],"even":[179],"if":[180],"they":[181],"nature.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-20T22:02:38.213706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
