{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415748043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2025.3627494","title":"Correlation Matters in Deep Clustering: Transforming Clustering Into Self-Supervised Multi-Label Learning","display_name":"Correlation Matters in Deep Clustering: Transforming Clustering Into Self-Supervised Multi-Label Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415748043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2025.3627494"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbdata.2025.3627494","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2025.3627494","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2491400915","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","issn_l":"2332-7790","issn":["2332-7790","2372-2096"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103822192","display_name":"Jihong Ouyang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6151-365X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108141","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/01hw7wf62","country_code":"IR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108141"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134929","display_name":"Jilin Province Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/049x38272","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929"]}],"countries":["CN","IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jihong Ouyang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China","College of Computer Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929","https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108141"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100754444","display_name":"Qingyi Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1767-2788"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108141","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/01hw7wf62","country_code":"IR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108141"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134929","display_name":"Jilin Province Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/049x38272","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929"]}],"countries":["CN","IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingyi Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China","College of Computer Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929","https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108141"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100751173","display_name":"Ximing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8190-5087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108141","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/01hw7wf62","country_code":"IR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108141"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134929","display_name":"Jilin Province Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/049x38272","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929"]}],"countries":["CN","IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ximing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China","College of Computer Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929","https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108141"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045127629","display_name":"Zhengjie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1880-7369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108141","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/01hw7wf62","country_code":"IR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108141"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134929","display_name":"Jilin Province Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/049x38272","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929"]}],"countries":["CN","IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengjie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China","College of Computer Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929","https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108141"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034457595","display_name":"Bo Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7030-821X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153374732","display_name":"Liaoning Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3cgg32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153374732"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China","School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Liaoning Normal University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153374732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Liaoning Normal University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153374732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075077562","display_name":"Meng Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5965-6272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenting Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Dallas, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Dallas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103822192"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4210108141","https://openalex.org/I4210134929"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16929768,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"496","last_page":"508"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.7429999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.7429999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.09969999641180038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.03849999979138374,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.9016000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation-clustering","display_name":"Correlation clustering","score":0.6152999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6141999959945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.46470001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4551999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.44530001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clustering-high-dimensional-data","display_name":"Clustering high-dimensional data","score":0.43320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","score":0.41609999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation","display_name":"Correlation","score":0.40700000524520874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.9016000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7991999983787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.701200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94641424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172845","display_name":"Correlation clustering","level":3,"score":0.6152999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6141999959945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5566999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.46470001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4551999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.44530001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.44190001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184509293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5136711","display_name":"Clustering high-dimensional data","level":3,"score":0.43320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.41609999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.40700000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186767784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5162841","display_name":"Consensus clustering","level":5,"score":0.37450000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3698999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.36890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33704608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5014717","display_name":"CURE data clustering algorithm","level":4,"score":0.3682999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27964816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164359","display_name":"Constrained clustering","level":5,"score":0.3619000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39235581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5158434","display_name":"Conceptual clustering","level":5,"score":0.35089999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193143536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227360","display_name":"Data stream clustering","level":5,"score":0.3310000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17212007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5511111","display_name":"Fuzzy clustering","level":3,"score":0.310699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104047586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033439","display_name":"Canopy clustering algorithm","level":4,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22648726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7523744","display_name":"Single-linkage clustering","level":5,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111442797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7291446","display_name":"Rand index","level":3,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbdata.2025.3627494","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2025.3627494","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2491400915","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","issn_l":"2332-7790","issn":["2332-7790","2372-2096"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2020735245","https://openalex.org/W2110798204","https://openalex.org/W2156935079","https://openalex.org/W2166912588","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2222512263","https://openalex.org/W2293078015","https://openalex.org/W2343475530","https://openalex.org/W2605572715","https://openalex.org/W2608862709","https://openalex.org/W2740924709","https://openalex.org/W2779692282","https://openalex.org/W2788552663","https://openalex.org/W2883725317","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2962852342","https://openalex.org/W2964782060","https://openalex.org/W2990500698","https://openalex.org/W2994560339","https://openalex.org/W3034363127","https://openalex.org/W3035524453","https://openalex.org/W3080994088","https://openalex.org/W3087124270","https://openalex.org/W3132705271","https://openalex.org/W3137513727","https://openalex.org/W3169978599","https://openalex.org/W3171153522","https://openalex.org/W3172288085","https://openalex.org/W4214687390","https://openalex.org/W4284968770","https://openalex.org/W4312901841","https://openalex.org/W4382239286","https://openalex.org/W4382461889","https://openalex.org/W4386076172"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"clustering":[1,10,26,45,89,108,150,171,205],"nowadays":[2],"has":[3,14],"proven":[4],"to":[5,100,106,139,181],"significantly":[6],"surpass":[7],"the":[8,29,37,68,80,116,149,183,195,202],"classical":[9],"method,":[11],"so":[12],"it":[13,129],"been":[15],"widely":[16],"used":[17],"in":[18,51,64],"diverse":[19],"applications.":[20],"One":[21],"current":[22],"branch":[23],"of":[24,49,84,118,185,197],"deep":[25,170,204],"methods":[27,136],"enhances":[28],"primary":[30],"task":[31,54],"through":[32],"auxiliary":[33,62,157],"tasks,":[34,151],"among":[35,71],"which":[36,137],"most":[38],"prevalent":[39],"is":[40],"over-clustering,":[41],"i.e.,":[42],"jointly":[43],"training":[44],"with":[46,120,173],"different":[47],"numbers":[48],"clusters":[50],"a":[52,123,154,168],"multi":[53],"manner.":[55],"However,":[56],"existing":[57,203],"approaches":[58],"typically":[59],"treat":[60],"these":[61],"tasks":[63,90],"isolation":[65],"and":[66,127,164],"neglect":[67],"inherent":[69],"correlations":[70,141],"their":[72],"cluster":[73,81],"assignments.":[74],"In":[75],"this":[76,96,146],"paper,":[77],"we":[78,98,113,152,165],"interpret":[79],"assignment":[82],"memberships":[83],"samples":[85,119],"generated":[86],"by":[87,95,130],"all":[88],"as":[91,122],"correlated":[92],"pseudo-labels.":[93,143],"Motivated":[94],"observation,":[97],"propose":[99,153],"explicitly":[101],"exploit":[102],"such":[103],"correlation":[104,155],"knowledge":[105],"improve":[107],"performance.":[109],"To":[110],"achieve":[111],"this,":[112],"can":[114],"formulate":[115],"collection":[117],"pseudo-labels":[121],"pseudo-multi-label":[124],"learning":[125,135,156],"problem,":[126],"solve":[128],"employing":[131],"any":[132],"off-the-shelf":[133],"multi-label":[134],"enable":[138],"capture":[140],"between":[142],"Based":[144],"on":[145,189],"idea,":[147],"beyond":[148],"task,":[158],"namely":[159,175],"Self-supervised":[160],"Multi-Label":[161],"Learning":[162],"(SMLL);":[163],"then":[166],"specify":[167],"novel":[169],"method":[172],"SMLL,":[174],"DCSL3.":[176],"We":[177],"conduct":[178],"several":[179],"experiments":[180],"examine":[182],"performance":[184],"DCSL<sup":[186,198],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[187,199],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">3</sup>":[188,200],"benchmark":[190],"datasets.":[191],"Empirical":[192],"results":[193],"demonstrate":[194],"superiority":[196],"over":[201],"baseline":[206],"methods.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-31T00:00:00"}