{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415124086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2025.3618474","title":"The Faiss Library","display_name":"The Faiss Library","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415124086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2025.3618474"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbdata.2025.3618474","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2025.3618474","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2491400915","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","issn_l":"2332-7790","issn":["2332-7790","2372-2096"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2025.3618474","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053822883","display_name":"Matthijs Douze","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112279","display_name":"Milieux environnementaux, transferts et interactions dans les hydrosyst\u00e8mes et les sols","ror":"https://ror.org/0229z0679","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I159885104","https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210107625","https://openalex.org/I4210112279"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81844223","display_name":"Fairchild Semiconductor (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03yca1933","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81844223"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthijs Douze","raw_affiliation_strings":["FAIR, Meta, Paris, France","FAIR at Meta, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FAIR, Meta, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112279"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"FAIR at Meta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81844223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093734300","display_name":"Alexandr Guzhva","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113251","display_name":"Electronic Arts (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0269t5q92","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113251"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149135","display_name":"Zillow Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03n86v874","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149135"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandr Guzhva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zilliz, Redwood City, CA, USA","Zilliz, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zilliz, Redwood City, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113251"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zilliz, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149135"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084839131","display_name":"Chengqi Deng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1315649409","display_name":"Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy","ror":"https://ror.org/00w9dm031","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1315649409"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengqi Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["DeepSeek, Hangzhou, China","DeepSeek, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DeepSeek, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1315649409"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DeepSeek, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1315649409"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102747135","display_name":"Jeff Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2743-0521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112279","display_name":"Milieux environnementaux, transferts et interactions dans les hydrosyst\u00e8mes et les sols","ror":"https://ror.org/0229z0679","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I159885104","https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210107625","https://openalex.org/I4210112279"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81844223","display_name":"Fairchild Semiconductor (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03yca1933","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81844223"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeff Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["FAIR, Meta, Paris, France","FAIR at Meta, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FAIR, Meta, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112279"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"FAIR at Meta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81844223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092998290","display_name":"Gergely Szilvasy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112279","display_name":"Milieux environnementaux, transferts et interactions dans les hydrosyst\u00e8mes et les sols","ror":"https://ror.org/0229z0679","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I159885104","https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210107625","https://openalex.org/I4210112279"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81844223","display_name":"Fairchild Semiconductor (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03yca1933","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81844223"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gergely Szilvasy","raw_affiliation_strings":["FAIR, Meta, Paris, France","FAIR at Meta, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FAIR, Meta, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112279"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"FAIR at Meta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81844223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040376974","display_name":"Pierre-Emmanuel Mazar\u00e9","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112279","display_name":"Milieux environnementaux, transferts et interactions dans les hydrosyst\u00e8mes et les sols","ror":"https://ror.org/0229z0679","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I159885104","https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210107625","https://openalex.org/I4210112279"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81844223","display_name":"Fairchild Semiconductor (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03yca1933","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81844223"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierre-Emmanuel Mazar\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":["FAIR, Meta, Paris, France","FAIR at Meta, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FAIR, Meta, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112279"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"FAIR at Meta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81844223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002000099","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Lomel\u00ed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6524-3615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112279","display_name":"Milieux environnementaux, transferts et interactions dans les hydrosyst\u00e8mes et les sols","ror":"https://ror.org/0229z0679","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I159885104","https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210107625","https://openalex.org/I4210112279"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81844223","display_name":"Fairchild Semiconductor (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03yca1933","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81844223"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Lomeli","raw_affiliation_strings":["FAIR, Meta, Paris, France","FAIR at Meta, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FAIR, Meta, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112279"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"FAIR at Meta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81844223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104185603","display_name":"Lucas Hosseini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0922-0109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140202","display_name":"Skipton General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/043tekr24","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140202","https://openalex.org/I4210158787"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144311","display_name":"Skin Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0579jh693","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I4210144311"]}],"countries":["FR","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucas Hosseini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Skip Labs, Paris, France","Skip Labs, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Skip Labs, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Skip Labs, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140202"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111802678","display_name":"Herv\u00e9 Je\u01f5ou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112279","display_name":"Milieux environnementaux, transferts et interactions dans les hydrosyst\u00e8mes et les sols","ror":"https://ror.org/0229z0679","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I159885104","https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210107625","https://openalex.org/I4210112279"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81844223","display_name":"Fairchild Semiconductor (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03yca1933","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81844223"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Herv\u00e9 J\u00e9gou","raw_affiliation_strings":["FAIR, Meta, Paris, France","FAIR at Meta, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FAIR, Meta, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112279"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"FAIR at Meta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81844223"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053822883"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112279","https://openalex.org/I81844223"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9036.6167,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":251,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"346","last_page":"361"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14469","display_name":"Renaissance Literature and Culture","score":0.10090000182390213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1205","display_name":"Classics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14469","display_name":"Renaissance Literature and Culture","score":0.10090000182390213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1205","display_name":"Classics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.7562000155448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5856999754905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5512999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5465999841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.47269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vector-space","display_name":"Vector space","score":0.3781000077724457}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8051999807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.7562000155448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5856999754905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5512999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5465999841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.511900007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.47269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13336665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125977","display_name":"Vector space","level":2,"score":0.3781000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.36070001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.35589998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.34700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116738811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q608751","display_name":"Nearest neighbor search","level":2,"score":0.3310999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513874922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212805","display_name":"Digital library","level":3,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89686163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187982","display_name":"Vector space model","level":2,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143271835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254515","display_name":"Similitude","level":2,"score":0.25619998574256897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbdata.2025.3618474","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2025.3618474","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2491400915","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","issn_l":"2332-7790","issn":["2332-7790","2372-2096"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbdata.2025.3618474","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2025.3618474","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2491400915","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","issn_l":"2332-7790","issn":["2332-7790","2372-2096"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vector":[0],"databases":[1],"typically":[2],"manage":[3],"large":[4],"collections":[5],"of":[6,17,40,47,73,77,88],"embedding":[7],"vectors.":[8,60],"As":[9],"AI":[10],"applications":[11],"are":[12],"growing":[13],"rapidly,":[14],"the":[15,64,70,89],"number":[16],"embeddings":[18],"that":[19],"need":[20],"to":[21,33,54,80,98],"be":[22],"stored":[23],"and":[24,50,58,69,82,91],"indexed":[25],"is":[26,31,44],"increasing.":[27],"The":[28],"Faiss":[29,43,74],"library":[30,90],"dedicated":[32],"vector":[34,41,67],"similarity":[35],"search,":[36,55],"a":[37,45,93],"core":[38],"functionality":[39],"databases.":[42],"toolkit":[46],"indexing":[48],"methods":[49],"related":[51],"primitives":[52],"used":[53],"cluster,":[56],"compress":[57],"transform":[59],"This":[61],"paper":[62],"describes":[63],"trade-offs":[65],"in":[66,75],"search":[68],"design":[71],"principles":[72],"terms":[76],"structure,":[78],"approach":[79],"optimization":[81],"interfacing.":[83],"We":[84],"benchmark":[85],"key":[86],"features":[87],"discuss":[92],"few":[94],"selected":[95],"use":[96],"cases":[97],"highlight":[99],"its":[100],"broad":[101],"applicability.":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":70},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":181}],"updated_date":"2026-04-03T22:45:19.894376","created_date":"2025-10-14T00:00:00"}