{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406982988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2025.3536938","title":"To Write or Not to Write as a Machine? That\u2019s the Question","display_name":"To Write or Not to Write as a Machine? That\u2019s the Question","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406982988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2025.3536938"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbdata.2025.3536938","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2025.3536938","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2491400915","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","issn_l":"2332-7790","issn":["2332-7790","2372-2096"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2025.3536938","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004068410","display_name":"Robiert Sep\u00falveda-Torres","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2784-2748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130194489","display_name":"University of Alicante","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8bcz72","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130194489"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robiert Sep\u00falveda-Torres","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software and Computing Systems, University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente s/n, Alicante, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2784-2748","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software and Computing Systems, University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente s/n, Alicante, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130194489"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104631484","display_name":"Iv\u00e1n Mart\u00ednez-Murillo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5684-0083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130194489","display_name":"University of Alicante","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8bcz72","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130194489"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iv\u00e1n Mart\u00ednez-Murillo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software and Computing Systems, University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente s/n, Alicante, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5684-0083","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software and Computing Systems, University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente s/n, Alicante, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130194489"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075246797","display_name":"Estela Saquete","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6001-5461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130194489","display_name":"University of Alicante","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8bcz72","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130194489"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Estela Saquete","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software and Computing Systems, University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente s/n, Alicante, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6001-5461","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software and Computing Systems, University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente s/n, Alicante, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130194489"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022608288","display_name":"Elena Lloret","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2926-294X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130194489","display_name":"University of Alicante","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8bcz72","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130194489"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Lloret","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software and Computing Systems, University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente s/n, Alicante, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2926-294X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software and Computing Systems, University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente s/n, Alicante, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130194489"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030733421","display_name":"Manuel Palomar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1441-7865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130194489","display_name":"University of Alicante","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8bcz72","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130194489"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Palomar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software and Computing Systems, University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente s/n, Alicante, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1441-7865","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software and Computing Systems, University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente s/n, Alicante, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130194489"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004068410"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130194489"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6823,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88577972,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"3","first_page":"1042","last_page":"1053"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13807","display_name":"Cultural Insights and Digital Impacts","score":0.04280000180006027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13807","display_name":"Cultural Insights and Digital Impacts","score":0.04280000180006027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8458762168884277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.33451366424560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3333932161331177}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8458762168884277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.33451366424560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3333932161331177}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbdata.2025.3536938","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2025.3536938","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2491400915","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","issn_l":"2332-7790","issn":["2332-7790","2372-2096"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:rua.ua.es:10045/151504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBDATA.2025.3536938","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400416","display_name":"Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Alicante (Universidad de Alicante)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130194489","host_organization_name":"University of Alicante","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130194489"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbdata.2025.3536938","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2025.3536938","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2491400915","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","issn_l":"2332-7790","issn":["2332-7790","2372-2096"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2753709519","https://openalex.org/W2913340405","https://openalex.org/W2951080837","https://openalex.org/W2964285114","https://openalex.org/W2982419638","https://openalex.org/W3034287667","https://openalex.org/W3037546592","https://openalex.org/W3041133507","https://openalex.org/W3139815689","https://openalex.org/W3174519801","https://openalex.org/W3189374329","https://openalex.org/W3210544428","https://openalex.org/W4200594764","https://openalex.org/W4226471298","https://openalex.org/W4292550328","https://openalex.org/W4309674289","https://openalex.org/W4312579772","https://openalex.org/W4312955902","https://openalex.org/W4323035111","https://openalex.org/W4366588626","https://openalex.org/W4366989525","https://openalex.org/W4381982883","https://openalex.org/W4382361534","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385571124","https://openalex.org/W4388108480","https://openalex.org/W4390590855","https://openalex.org/W4394598793","https://openalex.org/W6738279954","https://openalex.org/W6757817989","https://openalex.org/W6763240421","https://openalex.org/W6763394874","https://openalex.org/W6766673545","https://openalex.org/W6766978945","https://openalex.org/W6767101625","https://openalex.org/W6783292247","https://openalex.org/W6784336138","https://openalex.org/W6796581206","https://openalex.org/W6800749174","https://openalex.org/W6800875267","https://openalex.org/W6803557570","https://openalex.org/W6843725442","https://openalex.org/W6846306091","https://openalex.org/W6847118041","https://openalex.org/W6847306236","https://openalex.org/W6848670183","https://openalex.org/W6849274154","https://openalex.org/W6849594959","https://openalex.org/W6851166129","https://openalex.org/W6851775633","https://openalex.org/W6852800892","https://openalex.org/W6856752025","https://openalex.org/W6858437552","https://openalex.org/W6859128718","https://openalex.org/W6862285763"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Considering":[0],"the":[1,34,37,52,70,73,109,121,124,128,137,140,170,173],"potential":[2],"of":[3,25,41,64,72,112,123,130,139,172],"tools":[4,62],"such":[5,68],"as":[6,175,177],"ChatGPT":[7],"or":[8,103],"Gemini":[9],"to":[10,17,32,185],"generate":[11],"texts":[12],"in":[13,119,152,158,190],"a":[14,18,79,96,101,105,149],"similar":[15],"way":[16],"human":[19],"would":[20],"do,":[21],"having":[22],"reliable":[23],"detectors":[24],"AI":[26],"\u2013AI-generated":[27],"content":[28],"(AIGC)\u2013":[29],"is":[30,69,98,108,166],"vital":[31],"combat":[33],"misuse":[35],"and":[36,82,144,160],"surrounding":[38],"negative":[39],"consequences":[40],"those":[42],"tools.":[43],"Most":[44],"research":[45,110],"on":[46,51],"AIGC":[47],"detection":[48],"has":[49,135],"focused":[50],"English":[53,161],"language,":[54],"often":[55],"overlooking":[56],"other":[57],"languages":[58],"that":[59,163],"also":[60,145],"have":[61,147],"capable":[63],"generating":[65],"human-like":[66],"texts,":[67],"case":[71],"Spanish":[74,159],"language.":[75],"This":[76],"paper":[77],"proposes":[78],"novel":[80],"multilingual":[81],"multi-task":[83],"approach":[84,165],"for":[85],"detecting":[86],"machine":[87,102],"versus":[88],"human-generated":[89],"text.":[90,125],"The":[91,115,154],"first":[92],"task":[93,117,143],"classifies":[94],"whether":[95],"text":[97,189],"written":[99],"by":[100,104],"human,":[106],"which":[107],"objective":[111],"this":[113,133],"paper.":[114],"second":[116],"consists":[118],"detect":[120,186],"language":[122],"To":[126],"evaluate":[127],"results":[129],"our":[131,164],"approach,":[132],"study":[134],"framed":[136],"scope":[138],"AuTexTification":[141],"shared":[142],"we":[146],"collected":[148],"different":[150],"dataset":[151],"Spanish.":[153],"experiments":[155],"carried":[156],"out":[157],"show":[162],"very":[167],"competitive":[168],"concerning":[169],"state":[171],"art,":[174],"well":[176],"it":[178],"can":[179],"generalize":[180],"better,":[181],"thus":[182],"being":[183],"able":[184],"an":[187],"AI-generated":[188],"multiple":[191],"domains.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-26T08:31:28.666265","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}