{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392270888","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2024.3382964","title":"Deep Umbra: A Generative Approach for Sunlight Access Computation in Urban Spaces","display_name":"Deep Umbra: A Generative Approach for Sunlight Access Computation in Urban Spaces","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392270888","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2024.3382964"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbdata.2024.3382964","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2024.3382964","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6687317/7153538/10483268.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2491400915","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","issn_l":"2332-7790","issn":["2332-7790","2372-2096"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6687317/7153538/10483268.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022066807","display_name":"Kazi Shahrukh Omar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3182-6553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kazi Shahrukh Omar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101411295","display_name":"Gustavo Moreira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5478-6351"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gustavo Moreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020155722","display_name":"Daniel Hodczak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Hodczak","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Maryam Hosseini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-810X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Hosseini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023238630","display_name":"Nicola Colaninno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4428-639X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicola Colaninno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polytechnic University of Milan, Milan, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polytechnic University of Milan, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049830796","display_name":"Marcos Lage","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3868-8886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161127581","display_name":"Universidade Federal Fluminense","ror":"https://ror.org/02rjhbb08","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161127581"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcos Lage","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161127581"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Fabio Miranda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8612-5805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Miranda","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022066807"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2009,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86481892,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":"388","last_page":"401"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sunlight","display_name":"Sunlight","score":0.7966616153717041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.747717022895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.587303876876831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-model","display_name":"Generative model","score":0.4532443583011627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44683176279067993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-design","display_name":"Generative Design","score":0.4437190592288971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38738271594047546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architectural-engineering","display_name":"Architectural engineering","score":0.38669222593307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.36402878165245056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.26765263080596924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.2238752841949463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17396581172943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15561982989311218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.11094236373901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.10868886113166809}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170853661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193788","display_name":"Sunlight","level":2,"score":0.7966616153717041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.747717022895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.587303876876831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.4532443583011627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44683176279067993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184408114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502022","display_name":"Generative Design","level":3,"score":0.4437190592288971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38738271594047546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.38669222593307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.36402878165245056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.26765263080596924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.2238752841949463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17396581172943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15561982989311218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.11094236373901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.10868886113166809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbdata.2024.3382964","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2024.3382964","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6687317/7153538/10483268.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2491400915","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","issn_l":"2332-7790","issn":["2332-7790","2372-2096"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2402.17169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2402.17169","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.17169","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1276066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11311/1276066","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbdata.2024.3382964","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2024.3382964","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6687317/7153538/10483268.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2491400915","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","issn_l":"2332-7790","issn":["2332-7790","2372-2096"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4386404644","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"316963/2021-6","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5245457470","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"E-26/211.134/2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322749","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6807401968","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#2330565","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G691786141","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#2320261","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7777218758","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"E-26/202.915/2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322749","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322749","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk0s825"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392270888.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392270888.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W892183151","https://openalex.org/W1577109980","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1967776412","https://openalex.org/W1971375100","https://openalex.org/W1996055056","https://openalex.org/W2002544066","https://openalex.org/W2023000722","https://openalex.org/W2030266500","https://openalex.org/W2052533260","https://openalex.org/W2065215935","https://openalex.org/W2119739932","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2168223073","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2222810292","https://openalex.org/W2462625002","https://openalex.org/W2735373878","https://openalex.org/W2791133161","https://openalex.org/W2795131568","https://openalex.org/W2906663442","https://openalex.org/W2939873304","https://openalex.org/W2947458823","https://openalex.org/W2959534206","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2963420272","https://openalex.org/W2963800363","https://openalex.org/W2967764907","https://openalex.org/W2985051072","https://openalex.org/W3003426638","https://openalex.org/W3007023337","https://openalex.org/W3035244041","https://openalex.org/W3080252065","https://openalex.org/W3109631476","https://openalex.org/W3142335075","https://openalex.org/W3207295883","https://openalex.org/W3217359438","https://openalex.org/W4213445996","https://openalex.org/W4242027901","https://openalex.org/W4243003328","https://openalex.org/W4281927149","https://openalex.org/W4288079361","https://openalex.org/W4292117317","https://openalex.org/W4307136819","https://openalex.org/W4318204710","https://openalex.org/W4321485756","https://openalex.org/W4385235853","https://openalex.org/W4387885690","https://openalex.org/W6678815747","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6839156414"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4301024388","https://openalex.org/W775311126","https://openalex.org/W1517876498","https://openalex.org/W4300030714","https://openalex.org/W2489288131","https://openalex.org/W4365211920","https://openalex.org/W4317695495","https://openalex.org/W4380551139","https://openalex.org/W4388137171","https://openalex.org/W1967909251"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sunlight":[0],"and":[1,13,42,51,87,137,174],"shadow":[2],"play":[3],"critical":[4],"roles":[5],"in":[6,53,59],"how":[7],"urban":[8,25,55],"spaces":[9],"are":[10],"utilized,":[11],"thrive,":[12],"grow.":[14],"While":[15],"access":[16,50,86,118,180],"to":[17,21,32,110,133,156],"sunlight":[18,49,85,117,179],"is":[19,57,95,195],"essential":[20],"the":[22,35,63,82,105,120,124,163,191],"success":[23],"of":[24,62,84,108,115,123,143,162,171,190],"environments,":[26],"shadows":[27,52,88],"can":[28],"provide":[29],"shaded":[30],"places":[31],"stay":[33],"during":[34],"hot":[36],"seasons,":[37],"mitigate":[38],"heat":[39],"island":[40],"effect,":[41],"increase":[43],"pedestrian":[44],"comfort":[45],"levels.":[46],"Properly":[47],"quantifying":[48],"large":[54],"environments":[56],"key":[58],"tackling":[60],"some":[61],"important":[64],"challenges":[65],"facing":[66],"cities":[67,109,132,157,186],"today.":[68],"In":[69],"this":[70],"paper,":[71],"we":[72,167],"propose":[73],"Deep":[74,193],"Umbra,":[75],"a":[76,90,98,169,175],"novel":[77],"computational":[78],"framework":[79,94],"that":[80,103,158],"enables":[81],"quantification":[83],"at":[89,197],"global":[91],"scale.":[92],"Our":[93],"based":[96],"on":[97],"conditional":[99],"generative":[100],"adversarial":[101],"network":[102],"considers":[104],"physical":[106],"form":[107],"compute":[111],"high-resolution":[112],"spatial":[113],"information":[114,181],"accumulated":[116],"for":[119,182],"different":[121,131],"seasons":[122],"year.":[125],"We":[126],"use":[127],"data":[128],"from":[129],"seven":[130],"train":[134],"our":[135],"model,":[136],"show,":[138],"through":[139],"an":[140],"extensive":[141],"set":[142,170],"experiments,":[144],"its":[145,154],"low":[146],"overall":[147],"RMSE":[148],"(below":[149],"0.1)":[150],"as":[151,153],"well":[152],"extensibility":[155],"were":[159],"not":[160],"part":[161],"training":[164],"set.":[165],"Additionally,":[166],"contribute":[168],"case":[172],"studies":[173],"comprehensive":[176],"dataset":[177],"with":[178],"more":[183],"than":[184],"100":[185],"across":[187],"six":[188],"continents":[189],"world.":[192],"Umbra":[194],"available":[196],"<uri":[198],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[199],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">http://urbantk.org/shadows</uri>":[200],".":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
