{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391462029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2024.3362191","title":"Decentralized Federated Learning: A Survey on Security and Privacy","display_name":"Decentralized Federated Learning: A Survey on Security and Privacy","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391462029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2024.3362191"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbdata.2024.3362191","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2024.3362191","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2491400915","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","issn_l":"2332-7790","issn":["2332-7790","2372-2096"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.17319","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019275492","display_name":"Ehsan Hallaji","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ehsan Hallaji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019749887","display_name":"Roozbeh Razavi\u2010Far","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106938459","display_name":"University of New Brunswick","ror":"https://ror.org/05nkf0n29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roozbeh Razavi-Far","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038291093","display_name":"Mehrdad Saif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7587-4189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehrdad Saif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100383955","display_name":"Boyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7413-4162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Brain Mind Institute, the University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Brain Mind Institute, the University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100636286","display_name":"Qiang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5059-8360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019275492"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":41.7966,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":121,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9987088,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"194","last_page":"213"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federated-learning","display_name":"Federated learning","score":0.7649953365325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.7441313862800598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.719057559967041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5982922315597534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.5915317535400391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5156785249710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.49091893434524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decentralization","display_name":"Decentralization","score":0.4378136396408081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.377481073141098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0920153260231018}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992525071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50818671","display_name":"Federated learning","level":2,"score":0.7649953365325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.7441313862800598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.719057559967041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5982922315597534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.5915317535400391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5156785249710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.49091893434524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136810230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188961","display_name":"Decentralization","level":2,"score":0.4378136396408081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.377481073141098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0920153260231018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbdata.2024.3362191","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2024.3362191","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2491400915","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","issn_l":"2332-7790","issn":["2332-7790","2372-2096"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2401.17319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2401.17319","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.17319","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-138141","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-138141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.uwindsor.ca:electricalengpub-1492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10420449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400430","display_name":"Scholarship at UWindsor (University of Windsor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","host_organization_name":"University of Windsor","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Publications","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2401.17319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2401.17319","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.17319","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2165548363","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Canada","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8284766523","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(NSERC)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391462029.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":153,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557833142","https://openalex.org/W1696405225","https://openalex.org/W1952161176","https://openalex.org/W1970606468","https://openalex.org/W2004915866","https://openalex.org/W2018746447","https://openalex.org/W2031533839","https://openalex.org/W2051267297","https://openalex.org/W2104803737","https://openalex.org/W2109426455","https://openalex.org/W2112022568","https://openalex.org/W2132172731","https://openalex.org/W2141420453","https://openalex.org/W2238607431","https://openalex.org/W2294658213","https://openalex.org/W2295292576","https://openalex.org/W2402235285","https://openalex.org/W2473418344","https://openalex.org/W2530417694","https://openalex.org/W2535690855","https://openalex.org/W2591882872","https://openalex.org/W2619984247","https://openalex.org/W2701059868","https://openalex.org/W2768696376","https://openalex.org/W2777447168","https://openalex.org/W2781091734","https://openalex.org/W2801958627","https://openalex.org/W2903890850","https://openalex.org/W2905867785","https://openalex.org/W2910815950","https://openalex.org/W2912213068","https://openalex.org/W2912869723","https://openalex.org/W2914212774","https://openalex.org/W2934843808","https://openalex.org/W2951663308","https://openalex.org/W2951832089","https://openalex.org/W2962763344","https://openalex.org/W2963264685","https://openalex.org/W2963378725","https://openalex.org/W2963456518","https://openalex.org/W2965721472","https://openalex.org/W2970606380","https://openalex.org/W2972882814","https://openalex.org/W2977090839","https://openalex.org/W2984242138","https://openalex.org/W2990700079","https://openalex.org/W2997721570","https://openalex.org/W2998340595","https://openalex.org/W3000455992","https://openalex.org/W3006403184","https://openalex.org/W3006403513","https://openalex.org/W3007720613","https://openalex.org/W3009627224","https://openalex.org/W3010012151","https://openalex.org/W3013124972","https://openalex.org/W3014517104","https://openalex.org/W3016682614","https://openalex.org/W3021654819","https://openalex.org/W3031802354","https://openalex.org/W3049595782","https://openalex.org/W3087802308","https://openalex.org/W3090984959","https://openalex.org/W3091870957","https://openalex.org/W3109695251","https://openalex.org/W3110682008","https://openalex.org/W3111419317","https://openalex.org/W3111919937","https://openalex.org/W3113149354","https://openalex.org/W3114953370","https://openalex.org/W3120721446","https://openalex.org/W3122294042","https://openalex.org/W3126528290","https://openalex.org/W3141585064","https://openalex.org/W3142959040","https://openalex.org/W3156226702","https://openalex.org/W3156284706","https://openalex.org/W3157850870","https://openalex.org/W3164573547","https://openalex.org/W3164712068","https://openalex.org/W3167050701","https://openalex.org/W3167578067","https://openalex.org/W3168496996","https://openalex.org/W3176786489","https://openalex.org/W3186590963","https://openalex.org/W3187574650","https://openalex.org/W3194978182","https://openalex.org/W3204113349","https://openalex.org/W3208334254","https://openalex.org/W3212438094","https://openalex.org/W3215288840","https://openalex.org/W4200397686","https://openalex.org/W4206145535","https://openalex.org/W4206185183","https://openalex.org/W4206298942","https://openalex.org/W4206320562","https://openalex.org/W4210630464","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4213203443","https://openalex.org/W4213278605","https://openalex.org/W4213446860","https://openalex.org/W4232836212","https://openalex.org/W4244373353","https://openalex.org/W4284896512","https://openalex.org/W4285605561","https://openalex.org/W4296045111","https://openalex.org/W4300127641","https://openalex.org/W4307466281","https://openalex.org/W4313042326","https://openalex.org/W4316660683","https://openalex.org/W4320717670","https://openalex.org/W4362663576","https://openalex.org/W4387197177","https://openalex.org/W4388765979","https://openalex.org/W6601307242","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6684011098","https://openalex.org/W6703420464","https://openalex.org/W6728532308","https://openalex.org/W6728757088","https://openalex.org/W6728897251","https://openalex.org/W6738250615","https://openalex.org/W6740154879","https://openalex.org/W6743821447","https://openalex.org/W6746388805","https://openalex.org/W6746720608","https://openalex.org/W6747855403","https://openalex.org/W6748277150","https://openalex.org/W6751185141","https://openalex.org/W6751754709","https://openalex.org/W6752600739","https://openalex.org/W6752985224","https://openalex.org/W6756840679","https://openalex.org/W6757093123","https://openalex.org/W6758455886","https://openalex.org/W6758469878","https://openalex.org/W6759238902","https://openalex.org/W6762326562","https://openalex.org/W6762338880","https://openalex.org/W6764838729","https://openalex.org/W6765007523","https://openalex.org/W6767074001","https://openalex.org/W6768632158","https://openalex.org/W6770149463","https://openalex.org/W6771533808","https://openalex.org/W6773366154","https://openalex.org/W6773640337","https://openalex.org/W6780640148","https://openalex.org/W6783852812","https://openalex.org/W6788876066","https://openalex.org/W6790704066","https://openalex.org/W6798046383","https://openalex.org/W6802006920","https://openalex.org/W6810115190"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Federated":[0],"learning":[1,63,124,137],"has":[2],"been":[3],"rapidly":[4],"evolving":[5],"and":[6,26,47,49,76,119,125,132],"gaining":[7],"popularity":[8],"in":[9,28,106,121,141],"recent":[10],"years":[11],"due":[12],"to":[13,65],"its":[14],"privacy-preserving":[15],"features,":[16],"among":[17],"other":[18],"advantages.":[19],"Nevertheless,":[20],"the":[21,39,44,57,71,74,90,94,127],"exchange":[22],"of":[23,38,56,92,117,134],"model":[24,45],"updates":[25],"gradients":[27],"this":[29,53,86,107,142],"architecture":[30],"provides":[31],"new":[32,97,108],"attack":[33],"surfaces":[34],"for":[35,60,78],"malicious":[36],"users":[37],"network":[40,75],"which":[41],"may":[42],"jeopardize":[43],"performance":[46],"user":[48],"data":[50],"privacy.":[51],"For":[52],"reason,":[54],"one":[55],"main":[58],"motivations":[59],"decentralized":[61,122,135],"federated":[62,123,136],"is":[64,110],"eliminate":[66],"server-related":[67],"threats":[68,118],"by":[69],"removing":[70],"server":[72],"from":[73],"compensating":[77],"it":[79],"through":[80],"technologies":[81],"such":[82],"as":[83],"blockchain.":[84],"However,":[85],"advantage":[87],"comes":[88],"at":[89],"cost":[91],"challenging":[93],"system":[95],"with":[96],"privacy":[98],"threats.":[99],"Thus,":[100],"performing":[101],"a":[102],"thorough":[103],"security":[104],"analysis":[105],"paradigm":[109],"necessary.":[111],"This":[112],"survey":[113],"studies":[114],"possible":[115],"variations":[116],"adversaries":[120],"overviews":[126],"potential":[128],"defense":[129],"mechanisms.":[130],"Trustability":[131],"verifiability":[133],"are":[138],"also":[139],"considered":[140],"study.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":84},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}