{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3176910420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2021.3093244","title":"Understanding and Conquering the Difficulties in Identifying Third-party Librariesfrom Millions of Android Apps","display_name":"Understanding and Conquering the Difficulties in Identifying Third-party Librariesfrom Millions of Android Apps","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3176910420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2021.3093244","mag":"3176910420"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbdata.2021.3093244","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2021.3093244","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2491400915","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","issn_l":"2332-7790","issn":["2332-7790","2372-2096"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086698943","display_name":"Yanghua Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7778-7233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108629","display_name":"Computer Network Information Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01s0wyf50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210108629"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanghua Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Computer Network Intrusion Protection Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China, (e-mail: zhangyh@nipc.org.cn)","the national computer network intrusion protection center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China, (e-mail: Zhangyq@ucas.ac.cn)","[National Computer Network Intrusion Protection Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China, (e-mail: zhangyh@nipc.org.cn)]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Computer Network Intrusion Protection Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China, (e-mail: zhangyh@nipc.org.cn)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108629"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the national computer network intrusion protection center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China, (e-mail: Zhangyq@ucas.ac.cn)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108629"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[National Computer Network Intrusion Protection Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China, (e-mail: zhangyh@nipc.org.cn)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108629","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075243974","display_name":"Jice Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108629","display_name":"Computer Network Information Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01s0wyf50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210108629"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jice Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Computer Network Intrusion Protection Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, (e-mail: wangjc@nipc.org.cn)","[National Computer Network Intrusion Protection Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, (e-mail: wangjc@nipc.org.cn)]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Computer Network Intrusion Protection Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, (e-mail: wangjc@nipc.org.cn)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108629"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[National Computer Network Intrusion Protection Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, (e-mail: wangjc@nipc.org.cn)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108629","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113215957","display_name":"Hexiang Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5878-7770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hexiang Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, (e-mail: huanghx@nipc.org.cn)","[School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, (e-mail: huanghx@nipc.org.cn)]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, (e-mail: huanghx@nipc.org.cn)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, (e-mail: huanghx@nipc.org.cn)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100401884","display_name":"Yuqing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8306-7195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108629","display_name":"Computer Network Information Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01s0wyf50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210108629"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuqing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Computer Network Intrusion Protection Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China, (e-mail: zhangyh@nipc.org.cn)","the national computer network intrusion protection center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China, (e-mail: Zhangyq@ucas.ac.cn)","[the national computer network intrusion protection center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing China (e-mail: Zhangyq@ucas.ac.cn)]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Computer Network Intrusion Protection Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China, (e-mail: zhangyh@nipc.org.cn)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108629"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the national computer network intrusion protection center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China, (e-mail: Zhangyq@ucas.ac.cn)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108629"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[the national computer network intrusion protection center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing China (e-mail: Zhangyq@ucas.ac.cn)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108629","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065856697","display_name":"Peng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7056-5240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of IST, Penn State, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States, 16802 (e-mail: pliu@ist.psu.edu)","[College of IST, Penn State, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States, 16802 (e-mail: pliu@ist.psu.edu)]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of IST, Penn State, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States, 16802 (e-mail: pliu@ist.psu.edu)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[College of IST, Penn State, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States, 16802 (e-mail: pliu@ist.psu.edu)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086698943"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108629","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4571,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60540906,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8312792778015137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.8131794929504395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5908027291297913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thriving","display_name":"Thriving","score":0.5480820536613464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5202370882034302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.4545154273509979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.43529990315437317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/third-party","display_name":"Third party","score":0.43408429622650146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.31763479113578796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.27853691577911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.16016030311584473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10756179690361023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8312792778015137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.8131794929504395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5908027291297913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776745293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7798302","display_name":"Thriving","level":2,"score":0.5480820536613464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5202370882034302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.4545154273509979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.43529990315437317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983583741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16785388","display_name":"Third party","level":2,"score":0.43408429622650146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.31763479113578796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.27853691577911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.16016030311584473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10756179690361023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbdata.2021.3093244","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2021.3093244","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2491400915","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","issn_l":"2332-7790","issn":["2332-7790","2372-2096"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W81879861","https://openalex.org/W187285683","https://openalex.org/W1499707862","https://openalex.org/W1976596267","https://openalex.org/W2060727319","https://openalex.org/W2064038877","https://openalex.org/W2065847453","https://openalex.org/W2071672346","https://openalex.org/W2085101183","https://openalex.org/W2087804676","https://openalex.org/W2111525908","https://openalex.org/W2286924183","https://openalex.org/W2510008933","https://openalex.org/W2519687663","https://openalex.org/W2532717356","https://openalex.org/W2573983983","https://openalex.org/W2618014206","https://openalex.org/W2621207633","https://openalex.org/W2730608559","https://openalex.org/W2740060156","https://openalex.org/W2755056641","https://openalex.org/W2796466931","https://openalex.org/W2907322364","https://openalex.org/W4244726870","https://openalex.org/W6603356336","https://openalex.org/W6607564586","https://openalex.org/W6629640212"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3110653194","https://openalex.org/W2165054589","https://openalex.org/W1964821925","https://openalex.org/W2316932825","https://openalex.org/W4375951624","https://openalex.org/W3209322685","https://openalex.org/W2625819229","https://openalex.org/W2893149153","https://openalex.org/W1573691467","https://openalex.org/W4312980538"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,4,15,48,115,155,161,172],"thriving":[2],"of":[3,17,31,70,79,108,157,177],"Android":[5,12,71,82,148],"ecosystem,":[6],"codes":[7],"are":[8,44],"widely":[9],"reused":[10],"in":[11,14,68,114,151],"apps":[13,83,126,149],"form":[16],"third-party":[18,25,66],"libraries.":[19,141],"Recent":[20],"research":[21],"shows":[22],"that":[23,128,168],"emerging":[24],"libraries":[26,42,67,159],"may":[27],"introduce":[28],"a":[29,60],"lot":[30],"privacy":[32],"risks":[33],"and":[34,52,154],"other":[35],"security":[36],"threats.":[37],"Nevertheless,":[38],"current":[39],"approaches":[40],"on":[41,124],"identification":[43],"far":[45],"away":[46],"from":[47,160],"demand":[49],"for":[50],"accuracy":[51,156],"efficiency.":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55],"paper,":[56],"we":[57,104],"present":[58],"LibHawkeye,":[59],"\\jice{new}":[61],"clustering-based":[62],"technique":[63],"to":[64,84,110,130],"identify":[65,136],"millions":[69],"apps.":[72],"Our":[73],"approach":[74],"utilizes":[75],"four":[76],"different":[77],"kinds":[78],"dependencies":[80],"inside":[81],"build":[85],"intra-app":[86],"dependency":[87],"graphs":[88],"but":[89],"discards":[90],"package":[91],"homogeny":[92],"which":[93],"is":[94,164],"heavily":[95],"depended":[96],"upon":[97],"by":[98],"most":[99],"previous":[100],"works.":[101],"What's":[102],"more,":[103],"propose":[105],"three":[106],"steps":[107],"refinement":[109],"eliminate":[111],"false":[112],"positives":[113],"initial":[116],"result":[117,163],"as":[118,120],"much":[119],"possible.":[121],"The":[122],"experiment":[123],"1,000":[125],"reports":[127],"compared":[129],"existing":[131],"tools,":[132],"LibHawkeye":[133,169],"can":[134],"precisely":[135],"at":[137],"least":[138],"26.5\\%":[139],"more":[140],"We":[142],"also":[143],"evaluate":[144],"it":[145],"with":[146],"3,987,206":[147],"published":[150],"Google":[152],"Play,":[153],"sampled":[158],"clustering":[162],"93.25\\%.":[165],"Results":[166],"show":[167],"significantly":[170],"outperforms":[171],"state-of-the-art":[173],"tools":[174],"without":[175],"loss":[176],"scalability.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}