{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2779342116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2017.2786405","title":"Non-Stationary Model for Crime Rate Inference Using Modern Urban Data","display_name":"Non-Stationary Model for Crime Rate Inference Using Modern Urban Data","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2779342116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2017.2786405","mag":"2779342116","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31172020"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbdata.2017.2786405","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2017.2786405","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2491400915","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","issn_l":"2332-7790","issn":["2332-7790","2372-2096"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6548515","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100740070","display_name":"Hongjian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7918-4548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongjian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Sciences and Technology, Pennsylvania State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Sciences and Technology, Pennsylvania State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051534896","display_name":"Huaxiu Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8691-9629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaxiu Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Sciences and Technology, Pennsylvania State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Sciences and Technology, Pennsylvania State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005431144","display_name":"Daniel Kifer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4611-7066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Kifer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067119847","display_name":"Corina Graif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7137-4278"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Corina Graif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sociology and Criminology, Pennsylvania State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology and Criminology, Pennsylvania State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016516907","display_name":"Zhenhui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7221-2588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenhui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Sciences and Technology, Pennsylvania State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Sciences and Technology, Pennsylvania State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100740070"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.2934,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96247045,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"180","last_page":"194"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11819","display_name":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.620861828327179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-binomial-distribution","display_name":"Negative binomial distribution","score":0.5742748975753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5618759989738464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.5251714587211609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crime-rate","display_name":"Crime rate","score":0.48380082845687866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.4337818920612335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cityscape","display_name":"Cityscape","score":0.4325619339942932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geospatial-analysis","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","score":0.4180288016796112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4152040183544159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.37881001830101013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.25984010100364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2297152280807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.22045013308525085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.18881192803382874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminology","display_name":"Criminology","score":0.1793782114982605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14003276824951172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.12073466181755066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.1073545515537262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.620861828327179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199335787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q743364","display_name":"Negative binomial distribution","level":3,"score":0.5742748975753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5618759989738464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.5251714587211609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993718618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330344","display_name":"Crime rate","level":2,"score":0.48380082845687866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.4337818920612335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779685930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1935974","display_name":"Cityscape","level":2,"score":0.4325619339942932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.4180288016796112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4152040183544159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.37881001830101013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.25984010100364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2297152280807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.22045013308525085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.18881192803382874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.1793782114982605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14003276824951172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.12073466181755066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1073545515537262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100906024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205692","display_name":"Poisson distribution","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbdata.2017.2786405","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2017.2786405","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2491400915","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","issn_l":"2332-7790","issn":["2332-7790","2372-2096"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31172020","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31172020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on big data","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6548515","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6548515","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Big Data","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6548515","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6548515","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Big Data","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2629471141","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NICHD 1K01-HD093863-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4022540019","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#1544455","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4315461469","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#1618448","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7310587746","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#1652525","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8363800526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#1054389","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/010xaa060"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W144670803","https://openalex.org/W158120760","https://openalex.org/W1484775731","https://openalex.org/W1519327417","https://openalex.org/W1571188373","https://openalex.org/W1582209683","https://openalex.org/W1582826279","https://openalex.org/W1585084126","https://openalex.org/W1599043334","https://openalex.org/W1776456436","https://openalex.org/W1898216265","https://openalex.org/W1964403399","https://openalex.org/W1968649089","https://openalex.org/W1969453331","https://openalex.org/W1971402834","https://openalex.org/W1986149296","https://openalex.org/W1987513450","https://openalex.org/W1995893316","https://openalex.org/W1996573126","https://openalex.org/W2002237260","https://openalex.org/W2024761771","https://openalex.org/W2031346385","https://openalex.org/W2035770620","https://openalex.org/W2039778745","https://openalex.org/W2045371085","https://openalex.org/W2069353112","https://openalex.org/W2071936897","https://openalex.org/W2074108366","https://openalex.org/W2074984119","https://openalex.org/W2082107925","https://openalex.org/W2083238230","https://openalex.org/W2086260676","https://openalex.org/W2088047416","https://openalex.org/W2094576361","https://openalex.org/W2100378013","https://openalex.org/W2105132830","https://openalex.org/W2112738128","https://openalex.org/W2114668845","https://openalex.org/W2119634512","https://openalex.org/W2123906784","https://openalex.org/W2124146294","https://openalex.org/W2128338591","https://openalex.org/W2132385806","https://openalex.org/W2132397241","https://openalex.org/W2133273585","https://openalex.org/W2147386471","https://openalex.org/W2147876157","https://openalex.org/W2153207204","https://openalex.org/W2153929342","https://openalex.org/W2155458379","https://openalex.org/W2158977034","https://openalex.org/W2165178985","https://openalex.org/W2167619661","https://openalex.org/W2216025085","https://openalex.org/W2325408928","https://openalex.org/W2326688208","https://openalex.org/W2514525802","https://openalex.org/W2964098640","https://openalex.org/W2966755844","https://openalex.org/W3121778551","https://openalex.org/W3123203491","https://openalex.org/W4249793354","https://openalex.org/W4249855545","https://openalex.org/W4256053265","https://openalex.org/W4402833014","https://openalex.org/W6606472741","https://openalex.org/W6629980708","https://openalex.org/W6634188589","https://openalex.org/W6638123007","https://openalex.org/W6684306577","https://openalex.org/W6826819075"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974241303","https://openalex.org/W2365698185","https://openalex.org/W2278970506","https://openalex.org/W2383527859","https://openalex.org/W2066186317","https://openalex.org/W2412710217","https://openalex.org/W2348479303","https://openalex.org/W2971993722","https://openalex.org/W2382644551","https://openalex.org/W2350930524"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Crime":[0],"is":[1,28,145],"one":[2],"of":[3,78,83,89,122,196],"the":[4,10,56,75,120,126,160,176,190,207],"most":[5],"important":[6],"social":[7],"problems":[8],"in":[9,33,49,71,119,125,133,159],"country,":[11],"affecting":[12],"public":[13],"safety,":[14],"children":[15],"development,":[16],"and":[17,39,64,81,96,115,168],"adult":[18],"socioeconomic":[19],"status.":[20],"Understanding":[21],"what":[22],"factors":[23],"cause":[24],"higher":[25],"crime":[26,38,52,69,134,167],"rate":[27,53,135],"critical":[29],"for":[30,104],"policy":[31],"makers":[32],"their":[34],"efforts":[35],"to":[36,67,138,181],"reduce":[37],"increase":[40],"citizens'":[41],"life":[42],"quality.":[43],"We":[44,128,150],"tackle":[45],"a":[46,72,86],"fundamental":[47],"problem":[48],"our":[50],"paper:":[51],"inference":[54,136],"at":[55],"neighborhood":[57],"level.":[58],"Traditional":[59],"approaches":[60],"have":[61,93,202],"used":[62],"demographics":[63],"geographical":[65],"influences":[66],"estimate":[68],"rates":[70],"region.":[73],"With":[74],"fast":[76],"development":[77],"positioning":[79],"technology":[80],"prevalence":[82],"mobile":[84],"devices,":[85],"large":[87],"amount":[88],"modern":[90],"urban":[91],"data":[92,99,114,118],"been":[94],"collected":[95],"such":[97],"big":[98],"can":[100],"provide":[101],"new":[102,155],"perspectives":[103],"understanding":[105],"crime.":[106],"In":[107,179],"this":[108,183],"paper,":[109],"we":[110,187],"use":[111],"large-scale":[112],"Point-Of-Interest":[113],"taxi":[116],"flow":[117],"city":[121],"Chicago,":[123],"IL":[124],"USA.":[127],"observe":[129],"significantly":[130],"improved":[131],"performance":[132],"compared":[137],"using":[139],"traditional":[140],"features.":[141],"Such":[142],"an":[143],"improvement":[144],"consistent":[146],"over":[147,175],"multiple":[148],"years.":[149],"also":[151],"show":[152],"that":[153,204],"these":[154],"features":[156,171],"are":[157,172],"significant":[158],"feature":[161],"importance":[162],"analysis.":[163],"The":[164],"correlations":[165],"between":[166],"various":[169],"observed":[170],"not":[173],"constant":[174],"whole":[177],"city.":[178],"order":[180],"address":[182],"geospatial":[184],"non-stationary":[185],"property,":[186],"further":[188],"employ":[189],"geographically":[191],"weighted":[192],"regression":[193],"on":[194],"top":[195],"negative":[197,208],"binomial":[198,209],"model":[199],"(GWNBR).":[200],"Experiments":[201],"shown":[203],"GWNBR":[205],"outperforms":[206],"model.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T16:22:10.518609","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
