{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416177842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2025.3625650","title":"A 40-nm 3.9mW, 200words/Min Neural Signal Processor in Speech Decoding for Brain-Machine Interface","display_name":"A 40-nm 3.9mW, 200words/Min Neural Signal Processor in Speech Decoding for Brain-Machine Interface","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416177842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2025.3625650","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41231687"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2025.3625650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2025.3625650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032532506","display_name":"Tun-Yu Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tun-Yu Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3769-9367","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jeng-Bang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7816-4761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeng-Bang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7816-4761","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yu-Hsuan Tsai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9144-031X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Hsuan Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9144-031X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044008055","display_name":"Yu Tsao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6956-0418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086894","display_name":"Research Center for Information Technology Innovation, Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/000zgvm20","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086894","https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Tsao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Information Technology Innovation, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6956-0418","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Information Technology Innovation, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086894"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101750729","display_name":"Chia\u2010Hsiang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1163-321X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chia-Hsiang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1163-321X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.29636642,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"6","first_page":"1065","last_page":"1077"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.7827000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.7827000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.05260000005364418,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.029899999499320984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5921000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4636000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.4260999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.3840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.375900000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.3718999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-processing","display_name":"Speech processing","score":0.3391999900341034}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5921000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4636000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4271000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.4260999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.3840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3779999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.375900000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.3718999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61328038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358061","display_name":"Speech processing","level":2,"score":0.3391999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204201278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332614","display_name":"Voice activity detection","level":3,"score":0.3386000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13895895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3270773","display_name":"Speech coding","level":2,"score":0.33649998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.3319000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124584101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053266","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","level":2,"score":0.3197000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197477341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532845","display_name":"Full Rate","level":3,"score":0.29980000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175202392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2434543","display_name":"Time delay neural network","level":3,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161611012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106370","display_name":"Digital signal processor","level":3,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40743351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7002049","display_name":"Neural decoding","level":3,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66746571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134833","display_name":"ENCODE","level":3,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.2542000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013060","descriptor_name":"Speech","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013060","descriptor_name":"Speech","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013060","descriptor_name":"Speech","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2025.3625650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2025.3625650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41231687","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41231687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985279342","https://openalex.org/W1994855515","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2071985051","https://openalex.org/W2138889249","https://openalex.org/W2223658335","https://openalex.org/W2409078106","https://openalex.org/W2605492512","https://openalex.org/W2794209590","https://openalex.org/W2794383999","https://openalex.org/W2885195348","https://openalex.org/W2915106038","https://openalex.org/W2921918777","https://openalex.org/W2964199361","https://openalex.org/W3015729306","https://openalex.org/W3044236731","https://openalex.org/W3161343553","https://openalex.org/W3185805959","https://openalex.org/W4220806194","https://openalex.org/W4294068661","https://openalex.org/W4386091044","https://openalex.org/W4386100600","https://openalex.org/W4392745856","https://openalex.org/W4395097203","https://openalex.org/W4396905256","https://openalex.org/W4408183158"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Brain-machine":[0],"interface":[1],"(BMI)":[2],"technology":[3],"enables":[4],"the":[5,36,44,72,77,85,91,96,112,124,131,136,139,147,151,155,159,194,197,209],"human":[6],"brain":[7],"to":[8,29,57,122,216,219,234],"communicate":[9],"directly":[10],"with":[11,146,150,176],"machines.":[12],"This":[13,212],"work":[14,213],"presents":[15],"a":[16,177,184],"neural":[17,78,99,113,170],"signal":[18,171],"processor":[19,172],"for":[20,48],"real-time":[21],"BMI,":[22],"supporting":[23],"translation":[24],"from":[25,55],"user's":[26],"speech":[27,33,49,174],"attempt":[28,34,50],"sentences.":[30],"By":[31,129],"employing":[32],"detection,":[35],"energy":[37],"consumption":[38],"is":[39,102,141,205,214,223],"reduced":[40,103,142],"by":[41,80,88,104,127,143,226],"46%":[42],"and":[43,68,119,183],"number":[45,97],"of":[46,76,98,181,188,201],"channels":[47],"detection":[51],"can":[52,230],"be":[53],"decreased":[54],"128":[56],"16.":[58],"The":[59,106,169],"proposed":[60,132,160],"weight":[61,120],"encoding,":[62],"which":[63,204,222],"leverages":[64],"both":[65,117],"sparse":[66],"encoding":[67],"mixed-precision":[69,133],"arithmetic,":[70],"reduces":[71],"off-chip":[73],"memory":[74],"size":[75],"network":[79,100,114],"80%.":[81],"Computation":[82],"reordering":[83],"decreases":[84],"processing":[86,107,125],"latency":[87,126],"55%.":[89],"For":[90],"partial":[92],"sum":[93],"caching":[94],"technique,":[95],"operations":[101],"25%.":[105],"element":[108],"(PE)":[109],"array":[110,149],"in":[111,135,191],"engine":[115],"exploits":[116],"input":[118],"sparsity":[121],"lower":[123],"95%.":[128],"using":[130],"multiplier":[134],"PE":[137,148],"array,":[138],"area":[140],"27%":[144],"compared":[145],"full":[152],"precision.":[153],"In":[154],"beam":[156],"search":[157],"engine,":[158],"approximate":[161],"top-k":[162],"selection":[163],"architecture":[164],"exhibits":[165],"16$\\boldsymbol{\\times}$":[166],"fewer":[167],"comparators.":[168],"achieves":[173,196],"decoding":[175],"phone":[178],"error":[179,186],"rate":[180,187,200],"16.6%":[182],"word":[185],"23.5%.":[189],"Fabricated":[190],"40-nm":[192],"CMOS,":[193],"chip":[195],"maximum":[198],"communication":[199],"200":[202],"words/min,":[203],"16.7-to-42.6$\\boldsymbol{\\times}$":[206],"faster":[207],"than":[208],"state-of-the-art":[210],"designs.":[211],"able":[215],"decode":[217,232],"up":[218,233],"125,000":[220],"words,":[221],"not":[224],"achievable":[225],"prior":[227],"works":[228],"that":[229],"only":[231],"31":[235],"characters.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-14T07:44:22.658603","created_date":"2025-11-13T00:00:00"}