{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410583792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2025.3570264","title":"Energy-Efficient Adaptive Neural Stimulator With Waveform Prediction by Sub-Threshold Interrogation of the Electrode-Tissue Interface","display_name":"Energy-Efficient Adaptive Neural Stimulator With Waveform Prediction by Sub-Threshold Interrogation of the Electrode-Tissue Interface","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410583792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2025.3570264","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40397646"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2025.3570264","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2025.3570264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084554645","display_name":"Sudip Nag","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3185-0983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudip Nag","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","University of Toronto"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3185-0983","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117630411","display_name":"Aryasree Remadevi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aryasree Remadevi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","University of Toronto"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100966665","display_name":"Jin Che","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Che","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","University of Toronto"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032946386","display_name":"Matvii Prytula","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matvii Prytula","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","University of Toronto"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067561365","display_name":"Hanzhang Xing","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanzhang Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","University of Toronto"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hanrui Xing","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanrui Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","University of Toronto"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015901156","display_name":"Xi Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3696-877X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoxuan Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","University of Toronto"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117630412","display_name":"Andreas Constas-Malvanets","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Constas-Malvanets","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","University of Toronto"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120017173","display_name":"Hengjia Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2141-9543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hengjia Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","University of Toronto"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yinghe Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinghe Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","University of Toronto"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104667310","display_name":"Joshua Philippe Olorocisimo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1320-2405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua Olorocisimo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","University of Toronto"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048203934","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Zariffa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8842-745X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose Zariffa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","University of Toronto"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8842-745X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021668898","display_name":"Roman Genov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7506-1746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roman Genov","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","University of Toronto"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7506-1746","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0134,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85520982,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"6","first_page":"1142","last_page":"1159"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9609000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.8314980268478394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.6287814378738403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.6048945188522339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5861479043960571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interrogation","display_name":"Interrogation","score":0.5188923478126526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.48312637209892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4468643069267273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4389660358428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.352006196975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3372892141342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.23078584671020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1847015917301178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1648571789264679}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.8314980268478394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.6287814378738403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.6048945188522339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5861479043960571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776240099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327018","display_name":"Interrogation","level":2,"score":0.5188923478126526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.48312637209892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4468643069267273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4389660358428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.352006196975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3372892141342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.23078584671020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1847015917301178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1648571789264679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004567","descriptor_name":"Electrodes, Implanted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004567","descriptor_name":"Electrodes, Implanted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004567","descriptor_name":"Electrodes, Implanted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011211","descriptor_name":"Electric Power Supplies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011211","descriptor_name":"Electric Power Supplies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011211","descriptor_name":"Electric Power Supplies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2025.3570264","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2025.3570264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40397646","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40397646","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964168235","https://openalex.org/W2013315491","https://openalex.org/W2038563595","https://openalex.org/W2046820813","https://openalex.org/W2066770019","https://openalex.org/W2124769914","https://openalex.org/W2136706929","https://openalex.org/W2165982740","https://openalex.org/W2181579183","https://openalex.org/W2317011075","https://openalex.org/W2586828162","https://openalex.org/W2737046459","https://openalex.org/W2790895699","https://openalex.org/W2795865446","https://openalex.org/W2883428425","https://openalex.org/W2887114371","https://openalex.org/W2899330308","https://openalex.org/W2903202242","https://openalex.org/W2916363139","https://openalex.org/W2917176701","https://openalex.org/W3033363766","https://openalex.org/W3134189143","https://openalex.org/W3180842602","https://openalex.org/W3193933511","https://openalex.org/W4210750741","https://openalex.org/W4210906921","https://openalex.org/W4285199607","https://openalex.org/W4386230606","https://openalex.org/W4392979898","https://openalex.org/W4404317014","https://openalex.org/W4405022390"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2401316817","https://openalex.org/W1589588912","https://openalex.org/W2382804087","https://openalex.org/W2367830717","https://openalex.org/W2104637952","https://openalex.org/W2393800603","https://openalex.org/W2356812289","https://openalex.org/W2348542805","https://openalex.org/W2375055351","https://openalex.org/W2376818140"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,97],"implantable":[4,108],"low-power":[5],"neural":[6,84,144,221,233],"stimulator":[7,85,111],"that":[8],"generates":[9],"electrical":[10],"stimulation":[11,27,183],"pulses":[12],"based":[13],"on":[14],"subject-specific":[15],"edge-learning":[16],"of":[17,48,182,194],"electrode-tissue":[18],"voltage":[19,43],"profiles.":[20],"The":[21,51,87,110,142,185],"system":[22,89,146,187],"deploys":[23],"a":[24,31,60,151,162,192],"low-magnitude":[25],"constant-current":[26,49,139],"pulse":[28],"to":[29,38,58,119,123,132,137,218],"create":[30],"training":[32],"dataset,":[33],"which":[34,100],"is":[35,158],"subsequently":[36],"utilized":[37],"predict":[39],"the":[40,82,216],"desired":[41],"electrode":[42],"waveforms":[44],"for":[45,104],"higher":[46],"magnitudes":[47],"stimulation.":[50],"predicted":[52],"waveform":[53],"dataset":[54],"has":[55,101,147,188],"been":[56,102,148,189],"used":[57],"control":[59],"custom":[61],"switched-capacitor":[62],"output":[63,112,140],"stage,":[64],"thereby":[65],"avoiding":[66],"<italic":[67,73,195,203],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[68,70,74,76,196,204],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">V</i><sub":[69],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">driver_transistor</sub>":[71],"\u00b7":[72],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">I</i><sub":[75],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">stimulation</sub>":[77],"power":[78,115,125],"loss":[79,116],"as":[80,121,135],"in":[81],"conventional":[83,138],"drivers.":[86],"proposed":[88,186],"incorporates":[90],"on-chip":[91],"learning":[92],"and":[93,106,129,157,175,209,230],"prediction":[94],"implemented":[95],"within":[96],"ultra-low-power":[98],"microcontroller,":[99],"optimized":[103],"memory-":[105],"power-constrained":[107],"environments.":[109],"stage":[113],"reduces":[114],"by":[117,150,224],"up":[118,131],"20%":[120],"compared":[122,136],"dynamic":[124],"supply":[126],"scaling":[127],"method,":[128],"consumes":[130],"3.63\u00d7":[133],"lower":[134],"stages.":[141],"intelligent":[143],"interface":[145],"powered":[149],"wireless":[152],"inductive":[153],"energy":[154,228],"transfer":[155],"link":[156],"remotely":[159,231],"controlled":[160],"through":[161,191],"WiFi-based":[163],"internet":[164],"network.":[165],"A":[166],"custom-developed":[167],"application":[168],"interface,":[169],"compatible":[170],"with":[171],"both":[172],"mobile":[173],"devices":[174],"personal":[176],"computers,":[177],"facilitates":[178],"secure":[179],"remote":[180],"adjustments":[181],"parameters.":[184],"validated":[190],"combination":[193],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">in":[197,205],"vivo</i>":[198],"rat":[199],"peripheral":[200],"nerve":[201],"stimulation,":[202],"vitro</i>":[206],"saline":[207],"tests,":[208],"benchtop":[210],"experiments.":[211],"These":[212],"results":[213],"collectively":[214],"demonstrate":[215],"potential":[217],"advance":[219],"future":[220],"implant":[222],"technologies":[223],"enabling":[225],"intelligence,":[226],"safety,":[227],"efficiency,":[229],"controllable":[232],"organ":[234],"modulation.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}