{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390908085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2024.3354505","title":"A Fast FPGA Hardware Accelerator for Remote Heart Rate Detection Based on RGB Vision","display_name":"A Fast FPGA Hardware Accelerator for Remote Heart Rate Detection Based on RGB Vision","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390908085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2024.3354505","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38227402"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2024.3354505","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2024.3354505","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104668005","display_name":"Jen-Yi Hsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4709-4546"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jen-Yi Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101292569","display_name":"Ting-Yin Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting-Yin Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071654078","display_name":"Paul C.-P. Chao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2835-9157"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul C.-P. Chao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104668005"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7839,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66039411,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"3","first_page":"592","last_page":"607"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9574999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.8098924160003662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.679126501083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.6446734666824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.5819971561431885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5455392003059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoplethysmogram","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","score":0.47686299681663513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4741196930408478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4691442549228668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verilog","display_name":"Verilog","score":0.4515305757522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gate-array","display_name":"Gate array","score":0.43143096566200256}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.8098924160003662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.679126501083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.6446734666824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.5819971561431885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5455392003059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187885","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","level":3,"score":0.47686299681663513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4741196930408478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4691442549228668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779030575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827773","display_name":"Verilog","level":3,"score":0.4515305757522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114237110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114901","display_name":"Gate array","level":3,"score":0.43143096566200256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2024.3354505","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2024.3354505","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38227402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38227402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534416612","https://openalex.org/W1974179321","https://openalex.org/W1984554603","https://openalex.org/W2003922338","https://openalex.org/W2029745771","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2117731579","https://openalex.org/W2141224535","https://openalex.org/W2155344715","https://openalex.org/W2255363334","https://openalex.org/W2513308457","https://openalex.org/W2677965197","https://openalex.org/W2745197867","https://openalex.org/W2903377883","https://openalex.org/W2910830939","https://openalex.org/W2997264363","https://openalex.org/W3006580545","https://openalex.org/W3034459805","https://openalex.org/W3205989695","https://openalex.org/W4200522637","https://openalex.org/W6680865619"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2387264083","https://openalex.org/W2604877941","https://openalex.org/W2390885485","https://openalex.org/W2362523726","https://openalex.org/W2014165129","https://openalex.org/W2367348190","https://openalex.org/W594316872","https://openalex.org/W2831860248","https://openalex.org/W2367794224","https://openalex.org/W2072850836"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,165],"fast":[1],"hardware":[2,61,133],"accelerator":[3],"is":[4,68,107,135,168],"created":[5],"by":[6,24,47,142],"this":[7,101],"work":[8],"via":[9],"field":[10],"programmable":[11],"gate":[12],"array":[13],"(FPGA)":[14],"to":[15,65,71,109],"estimate":[16,66],"heart":[17,87,126,159],"rate":[18,127,160],"(HR)":[19],"through":[20],"the":[21,30,49,54,57,111,116,125,132,189,197,220,232],"video":[22],"recorded":[23],"a":[25,44,74,82,98],"RGB":[26],"camera":[27,167],"based":[28],"on":[29,53],"technology":[31],"of":[32,38,43,56,63,84,90,97,119,131,156,181,210,223],"remote":[33,120],"photoplethysmography":[34],"(rPPG).":[35],"The":[36,60,129,200],"method":[37],"rPPG":[39,64],"acquires":[40],"physiological":[41],"signals":[42,118],"human":[45,58],"body":[46],"analyzing":[48],"subtle":[50],"color":[51],"changes":[52],"surface":[55],"skin.":[59],"implementation":[62],"HR":[67],"proposed":[69,201],"herein":[70],"aim":[72],"for":[73,81,170],"much":[75],"faster":[76],"calculation":[77],"speed":[78],"than":[79],"software":[80],"number":[83],"applications,":[85],"like":[86],"failure":[88],"pre-warning":[89],"an":[91,149,204],"in-action":[92],"athlete":[93],"and":[94,122,140,145,162,184,188,214,225,240],"drowsiness":[95],"detection":[96],"driver.":[99],"In":[100],"accelerator,":[102],"ICA":[103],"(Independent":[104],"Component":[105],"Analysis)":[106],"used":[108,195],"recover":[110],"blood":[112],"volume":[113],"pulse":[114],"from":[115],"raw":[117],"PPG,":[121],"then":[123],"obtain":[124],"value.":[128,199],"architecture":[130],"circuit":[134],"described":[136],"in":[137,148,206,219,236],"Verilog":[138],"HDL":[139],"verified":[141],"Quartus":[143],"II,":[144],"also":[146],"implemented":[147],"Altera":[150],"DE10-Standard":[151],"FPGA":[152],"board,":[153],"which":[154,229],"consists":[155],"image":[157,163,171,178],"capture,":[158],"algorithm":[161],"display.":[164],"TRDB-D5M":[166],"utilized":[169],"capture.":[172],"Two":[173],"experiments":[174],"were":[175],"conducted":[176],"with":[177],"collecting":[179],"duration":[180],"16":[182],"seconds":[183,186],"8":[185],"respectively,":[187,228],"commercial":[190],"device":[191],"Omron":[192],"HEM-6111":[193],"was":[194],"as":[196],"golden":[198],"system":[202],"achieves":[203],"accuracy":[205],"(ME":[207],"\u00b1":[208,212,216],"1.96SD)":[209],"-0.76":[211],"5.09":[213],"-0.70":[215],"8.71":[217],"bpm":[218],"short":[221],"periods":[222],"16-second":[224],"8-second":[226],"versions,":[227],"outperforms":[230],"all":[231],"reported":[233],"prior":[234],"works":[235],"combined":[237],"computation":[238],"time":[239],"accuracy.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}