{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386918748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2023.3316969","title":"A 4-Channel Neural Stimulation IC Design With Charge Balancing and Multiple Current Output Modes","display_name":"A 4-Channel Neural Stimulation IC Design With Charge Balancing and Multiple Current Output Modes","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386918748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2023.3316969","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37738200"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2023.3316969","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2023.3316969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011279947","display_name":"Juzhe Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8654-3430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Juzhe Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Microelectronics, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Microelectronics, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033542709","display_name":"Weijian Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9168-1831"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weijian Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Microelectronics, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Microelectronics, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331740","display_name":"Xu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2858-8195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Microelectronics, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Microelectronics, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046722826","display_name":"Peiyuan Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4875-6432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peiyuan Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Microelectronics, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Microelectronics, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100750879","display_name":"Zhijie Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3988-6446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhijie Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Microelectronics, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Microelectronics, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011279947"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.194,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77041216,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"5","first_page":"1037","last_page":"1049"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current","display_name":"Current (fluid)","score":0.549742579460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5455989837646484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charge","display_name":"Charge (physics)","score":0.5082878470420837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4578193426132202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4413934051990509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation","display_name":"Stimulation","score":0.44003355503082275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40128424763679504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.39904457330703735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3678112030029297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.32953163981437683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2952672243118286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.24510270357131958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.10934200882911682}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.549742579460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5455989837646484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188082385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73792","display_name":"Charge (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5082878470420837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4578193426132202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4413934051990509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.44003355503082275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40128424763679504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.39904457330703735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3678112030029297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.32953163981437683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2952672243118286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.24510270357131958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10934200882911682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2023.3316969","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2023.3316969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37738200","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37738200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5988938131","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61806012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1543951470","https://openalex.org/W1971046436","https://openalex.org/W2006621603","https://openalex.org/W2037746973","https://openalex.org/W2066770019","https://openalex.org/W2099251382","https://openalex.org/W2103865918","https://openalex.org/W2106730177","https://openalex.org/W2108585885","https://openalex.org/W2134931391","https://openalex.org/W2146199250","https://openalex.org/W2148483191","https://openalex.org/W2153787766","https://openalex.org/W2165982740","https://openalex.org/W2492362931","https://openalex.org/W2513906510","https://openalex.org/W2575060568","https://openalex.org/W2767011766","https://openalex.org/W2768574773","https://openalex.org/W2790254599","https://openalex.org/W2804781280","https://openalex.org/W2903202242","https://openalex.org/W2943819001","https://openalex.org/W2947199013","https://openalex.org/W2955056341","https://openalex.org/W3018012042","https://openalex.org/W3025507103","https://openalex.org/W3170203354","https://openalex.org/W3179891611","https://openalex.org/W3199544981","https://openalex.org/W4205237820","https://openalex.org/W4205248985","https://openalex.org/W4205431456","https://openalex.org/W4383371438","https://openalex.org/W4384198176"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350233123","https://openalex.org/W2055241807","https://openalex.org/W2417990286","https://openalex.org/W2886641791","https://openalex.org/W2089916170","https://openalex.org/W1975077850","https://openalex.org/W2418587965","https://openalex.org/W2371480323","https://openalex.org/W1982412832","https://openalex.org/W2360165943"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,103,123,128,143,173,215],"neural":[4],"stimulation":[5,17,21,43,89,152],"integrated":[6],"circuit":[7,77],"design":[8],"with":[9],"multiple":[10],"current":[11,25,68,75],"output":[12,24,52,165],"modes.":[13,44,115],"In":[14,93],"the":[15,39,47,51,56,60,65,73,84,88,95,139,150,168,182,192,198,209],"cathodic":[16],"phase":[18],"and":[19,54,149,208],"anodic":[20],"phase,":[22],"each":[23],"waveform":[26,34,166],"can":[27,82,201],"be":[28],"independently":[29],"selected":[30],"to":[31,101,181],"either":[32],"exponential":[33,74,164],"or":[35],"square":[36],"wave,":[37],"so":[38],"stimulator":[40,118,141,199],"holds":[41],"four":[42],"To":[45],"minimize":[46],"headroom":[48],"voltage":[49,211],"of":[50,59,87,131,147],"stage":[53],"enhance":[55,83],"power":[57,145],"efficiency":[58,146],"proposed":[61,140,183],"stimulator,":[62],"we":[63],"introduce":[64],"exponentially":[66],"decaying":[67],"which":[69],"is":[70,107,120,154,176],"realized":[71,142],"by":[72],"generation":[76],"in":[78,109,122,163,172],"this":[79,110],"work.":[80],"It":[81],"longer":[85],"duration":[86,153],"pulse":[90],"as":[91],"well.":[92],"case":[94],"residual":[96,170,203],"charge":[97,104,171,184],"may":[98],"cause":[99],"harm":[100],"patients,":[102],"balancing":[105,185],"technique":[106],"implemented":[108,121],"work":[111],"for":[112],"all":[113],"operation":[114],"The":[116,134,187],"four-channel":[117],"IC":[119,200],"180-nm":[124],"CMOS":[125],"process,":[126],"occupying":[127],"core":[129],"area":[130],"1.93":[132],"mm<sup>2</sup>.":[133],"measurement":[135],"results":[136,189],"show":[137,196],"that":[138,197],"maximum":[144,151,169],"91.3%":[148],"3":[155],"times":[156],"larger":[157],"than":[158],"previous":[159],"works.":[160],"Moreover,":[161],"even":[162],"mode,":[167],"single":[174],"cycle":[175],"only":[177],"255":[178],"pC":[179],"due":[180],"technique.":[186],"experiment":[188],"based":[190],"on":[191],"PBS":[193],"solution":[194],"also":[195],"remove":[202],"charges":[204],"within":[205,214],"60":[206],"\u03bcs,":[207],"electrode":[210],"remains":[212],"stable":[213],"safe":[216],"range":[217],"under":[218],"multicycle":[219],"stimulation.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}