{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386077576","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2023.3307441","title":"Rapid Design of an ICU Ventilator: An Approach Based on Smart Switching of Compressed Air-Oxygen","display_name":"Rapid Design of an ICU Ventilator: An Approach Based on Smart Switching of Compressed Air-Oxygen","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386077576","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2023.3307441","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37607143"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2023.3307441","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2023.3307441","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036721487","display_name":"Riaz Uddin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6499-5818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746803","display_name":"NED University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05db8zr24","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746803"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Riaz Uddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Haptics, Human-Robotics and Condition Monitoring Lab (National Center of Robotics and Automation &#x2013; NCRA HEC&#x002F;PC Pakistan), Department of Electrical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Haptics, Human-Robotics and Condition Monitoring Lab (National Center of Robotics and Automation &#x2013; NCRA HEC&#x002F;PC Pakistan), Department of Electrical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038045384","display_name":"Abdullah Haider Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6840-9825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746803","display_name":"NED University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05db8zr24","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746803"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah Haider Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Haptics, Human-Robotics and Condition Monitoring Lab (National Center of Robotics and Automation &#x2013; NCRA HEC&#x002F;PC Pakistan), Department of Electrical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Haptics, Human-Robotics and Condition Monitoring Lab (National Center of Robotics and Automation &#x2013; NCRA HEC&#x002F;PC Pakistan), Department of Electrical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068278196","display_name":"Syed Murtaza Hassan Kazmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2202-1545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746803","display_name":"NED University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05db8zr24","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746803"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Murtaza Hassan Kazmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Haptics, Human-Robotics and Condition Monitoring Lab (National Center of Robotics and Automation &#x2013; NCRA HEC&#x002F;PC Pakistan), Department of Electrical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Haptics, Human-Robotics and Condition Monitoring Lab (National Center of Robotics and Automation &#x2013; NCRA HEC&#x002F;PC Pakistan), Department of Electrical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746803"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101731961","display_name":"Madiha Akbar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8805-2176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746803","display_name":"NED University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05db8zr24","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746803"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madiha Akbar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Haptics, Human-Robotics and Condition Monitoring Lab (National Center of Robotics and Automation &#x2013; NCRA HEC&#x002F;PC Pakistan), Department of Electrical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Haptics, Human-Robotics and Condition Monitoring Lab (National Center of Robotics and Automation &#x2013; NCRA HEC&#x002F;PC Pakistan), Department of Electrical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746803"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036721487"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746803"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0231,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79151655,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":"63","last_page":"75"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10322","display_name":"Respiratory Support and Mechanisms","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10322","display_name":"Respiratory Support and Mechanisms","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10867","display_name":"Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders","score":0.9843000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10645","display_name":"Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation","score":0.9803000092506409,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5202409029006958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ventilation","display_name":"Ventilation (architecture)","score":0.49127835035324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-ventilator","display_name":"Mechanical ventilator","score":0.47966909408569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressed-air","display_name":"Compressed air","score":0.4723934829235077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.4615955054759979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.4452713429927826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.38556694984436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-ventilation","display_name":"Mechanical ventilation","score":0.37381622195243835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3228132128715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.21783530712127686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anesthesia","display_name":"Anesthesia","score":0.09316051006317139}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5202409029006958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200457457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584049","display_name":"Ventilation (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.49127835035324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018642899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q813243","display_name":"Mechanical ventilator","level":3,"score":0.47966909408569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1934278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143746","display_name":"Compressed air","level":2,"score":0.4723934829235077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.4615955054759979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.4452713429927826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.38556694984436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777080012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766250","display_name":"Mechanical ventilation","level":2,"score":0.37381622195243835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3228132128715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.21783530712127686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.09316051006317139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007362","descriptor_name":"Intensive Care Units","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007362","descriptor_name":"Intensive Care Units","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007362","descriptor_name":"Intensive Care Units","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007362","descriptor_name":"Intensive Care Units","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010100","descriptor_name":"Oxygen","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010100","descriptor_name":"Oxygen","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010100","descriptor_name":"Oxygen","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010100","descriptor_name":"Oxygen","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012122","descriptor_name":"Ventilators, Mechanical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012122","descriptor_name":"Ventilators, Mechanical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012122","descriptor_name":"Ventilators, Mechanical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012122","descriptor_name":"Ventilators, Mechanical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058868","descriptor_name":"Compressed Air","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058868","descriptor_name":"Compressed Air","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058868","descriptor_name":"Compressed Air","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058868","descriptor_name":"Compressed Air","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2023.3307441","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2023.3307441","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37607143","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37607143","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323093","display_name":"NED University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05db8zr24"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010067197","https://openalex.org/W2081608697","https://openalex.org/W2148370392","https://openalex.org/W2328138123","https://openalex.org/W2415610334","https://openalex.org/W2482097967","https://openalex.org/W2562194757","https://openalex.org/W2767721818","https://openalex.org/W2980070341","https://openalex.org/W3012804303","https://openalex.org/W3018736039","https://openalex.org/W3033114160","https://openalex.org/W3033696644","https://openalex.org/W3033817178","https://openalex.org/W3042155310","https://openalex.org/W3082735984","https://openalex.org/W3108046371","https://openalex.org/W3110027962","https://openalex.org/W3116587641","https://openalex.org/W3157250233","https://openalex.org/W3204798122","https://openalex.org/W3207066370","https://openalex.org/W3216163070","https://openalex.org/W4200059053","https://openalex.org/W4200197684","https://openalex.org/W4206798761","https://openalex.org/W4213123654","https://openalex.org/W4280550154","https://openalex.org/W4293216888","https://openalex.org/W6776587552"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W78826862","https://openalex.org/W2351438157","https://openalex.org/W4294975618","https://openalex.org/W63529532","https://openalex.org/W402496350","https://openalex.org/W3138207972","https://openalex.org/W1989702264","https://openalex.org/W2065027941","https://openalex.org/W2052329849","https://openalex.org/W2926364221"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Breathing":[0],"support":[1],"is":[2,171,192],"provided":[3,230],"by":[4,231],"regulating":[5],"volume":[6,121],"or":[7,66],"pressure":[8,123,168],"of":[9,22,32,50,58,89,177,206],"lungs":[10,179],"using":[11,185,197],"ventilators.":[12,27],"Due":[13],"to":[14,44,70,118,194],"COVID-19":[15],"pandemic,":[16],"there":[17],"was":[18],"a":[19,48,67,71,81],"sudden":[20],"shortage":[21],"resuscitating":[23],"devices":[24,37],"such":[25,96,130],"as":[26,94,97,125,127,131,161,219,221],"Additionally,":[28,189],"ventilators":[29],"being":[30],"one":[31],"the":[33,90,190,212,222,228],"primary":[34],"critical":[35],"care":[36],"are":[38,209],"also":[39,141],"very":[40],"costly.":[41],"In":[42,75],"order":[43],"address":[45],"this":[46,76,78],"situation,":[47],"number":[49],"low-cost":[51],"designs":[52],"have":[53],"been":[54],"proposed,":[55],"however,":[56],"many":[57],"these":[59],"lack":[60],"either":[61],"an":[62,143,150,162],"efficient":[63],"control":[64,105,170],"system":[65],"hardware":[68],"comparable":[69],"standard":[72],"ICU":[73],"ventilator.":[74],"regard,":[77],"article":[79],"presents":[80],"comprehensive":[82],"cost-effective":[83],"solution":[84],"that":[85],"covers":[86],"all":[87],"aspects":[88],"ventilator":[91],"design":[92,109],"(named":[93],"NED-Vent)":[95],"hardware/pneumatic":[98],"assembly,":[99],"electronic":[100],"design,":[101],"user":[102,146],"interface":[103,147],"and":[104,122,136,200],"system.":[106],"The":[107,139,167,203],"proposed":[108],"works":[110],"on":[111,164,173],"compressed":[112],"air-oxygen":[113,155],"switching":[114],"via":[115],"proportional":[116],"valves":[117],"produce":[119],"basic":[120],"modes":[124],"well":[126,220],"their":[128],"derivatives":[129],"assist":[132],"ventilation,":[133],"intermittent":[134],"ventilation":[135],"spontaneous":[137],"modes.":[138],"NED-Vent":[140],"features":[142],"interactive":[144],"single-knob-single-touch":[145],"along":[148],"with":[149,180,227],"automated":[151],"mechanism":[152],"for":[153,211],"adjusting":[154],"ratio":[156],"in":[157,225],"breathing":[158],"gas":[159],"mixture":[160],"improvement":[163],"existing":[165],"designs.":[166],"regulated":[169],"based":[172],"two":[174],"mathematical":[175,214],"models":[176,215],"human":[178],"dynamic":[181],"lung":[182],"parameters":[183],"estimated":[184],"machine":[186],"learning":[187],"approach.":[188],"controller":[191],"tuned":[193],"optimized":[195],"stability":[196],"Jury's":[198],"Test":[199],"Ziegler-Nichols":[201],"methods.":[202],"obtained":[204],"results":[205],"breath":[207],"profile":[208],"validated":[210],"employed":[213],"(SLSC":[216],"&":[217],"SLMC)":[218],"tuning":[223],"methods":[224],"compliance":[226],"tolerances":[229],"international":[232],"standards.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
