{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381714928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2023.3288505","title":"A Reconfigurable Tri-Mode Frequency-Locked Loop Readout Circuit for Biosensor Interfaces","display_name":"A Reconfigurable Tri-Mode Frequency-Locked Loop Readout Circuit for Biosensor Interfaces","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381714928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2023.3288505","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37347623"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2023.3288505","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2023.3288505","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10668580/pdf/nihms-1936360.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092176161","display_name":"Siyuan Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5990-3499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Siyuan Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014964325","display_name":"Tzu-Hsuan Chou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8142-8425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tzu-Hsuan Chou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066069367","display_name":"Soumya Bose","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6704-9138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soumya Bose","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA","Intel Labs, Hillsboro, OR, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Labs, Hillsboro, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070454996","display_name":"Jacob M. Cook","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacob Cook","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031673188","display_name":"Jaehyeong Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4835-5834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaehyeong Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008769831","display_name":"Matthew L. Johnston","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8472-9437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew L. Johnston","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5092176161"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2957,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88128898,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"4","first_page":"768","last_page":"781"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biosensor","display_name":"Biosensor","score":0.5072595477104187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.49957871437072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.495265394449234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.4741591513156891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.4478951394557953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loop","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","score":0.43774300813674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42801767587661743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4270203113555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.34457826614379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2516464591026306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.18096211552619934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.17892995476722717}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160756335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q669391","display_name":"Biosensor","level":2,"score":0.5072595477104187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.49957871437072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.495265394449234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.4741591513156891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.4478951394557953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184670325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512604","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.43774300813674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42801767587661743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4270203113555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.34457826614379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2516464591026306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.18096211552619934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.17892995476722717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D012666","descriptor_name":"Semiconductors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012666","descriptor_name":"Semiconductors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012666","descriptor_name":"Semiconductors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012666","descriptor_name":"Semiconductors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2023.3288505","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2023.3288505","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37347623","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37347623","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10668580","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10668580","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10668580/pdf/nihms-1936360.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10668580","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10668580","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10668580/pdf/nihms-1936360.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5293124450","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01EB028104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8006070648","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R21DE031101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4381714928.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999266810","https://openalex.org/W2011704410","https://openalex.org/W2054273130","https://openalex.org/W2123054928","https://openalex.org/W2147539712","https://openalex.org/W2266175888","https://openalex.org/W2296476794","https://openalex.org/W2590571895","https://openalex.org/W2737065655","https://openalex.org/W2741721049","https://openalex.org/W2759767820","https://openalex.org/W2966218558","https://openalex.org/W2981132661","https://openalex.org/W3020828971","https://openalex.org/W3045646972","https://openalex.org/W3091026673","https://openalex.org/W3129343311","https://openalex.org/W3134438528","https://openalex.org/W3184004472","https://openalex.org/W3214464824","https://openalex.org/W4212914425","https://openalex.org/W4226150665","https://openalex.org/W4292968724","https://openalex.org/W4309242610","https://openalex.org/W4309263465","https://openalex.org/W4309264743","https://openalex.org/W4360605375","https://openalex.org/W4381714928"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1576949837","https://openalex.org/W2046430340","https://openalex.org/W2383021773","https://openalex.org/W2322026400","https://openalex.org/W4206515393","https://openalex.org/W1990396141","https://openalex.org/W1929958295","https://openalex.org/W2226641048","https://openalex.org/W2353997301","https://openalex.org/W4225994594"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,100,135],"this":[1],"article,":[2],"a":[3,53,85,138,153,161,166,200],"frequency-locked":[4],"loop":[5],"(FLL)":[6],"based":[7],"multimodal":[8,202],"readout":[9,31,82,104,174,208],"integrated":[10,191],"circuit":[11,32,83,105,175,209],"(IC)":[12],"for":[13,72,122,180],"interfacing":[14],"with":[15,127],"off-chip":[16,79],"temperature,":[17],"electrochemical,":[18],"and":[19,39,91,112,148,199],"pH":[20,154,163],"sensors":[21],"is":[22,33,69,133,146,176,210],"presented.":[23],"By":[24],"reconfiguring":[25],"its":[26],"switched-capacitor":[27],"feedback":[28],"network,":[29],"the":[30,65,81,103,149,173,186,206],"able":[34],"to":[35,158],"measure":[36,152],"resistance,":[37,64],"current,":[38],"voltage":[40,136,141],"without":[41],"additional":[42],"active":[43],"analog":[44],"front-end":[45],"circuits.":[46],"A":[47],"prototype":[48,187],"IC":[49,150,188],"was":[50],"fabricated":[51],"in":[52],"0.18":[54],"\u03bcm":[55],"CMOS":[56],"process.":[57],"Measured":[58],"results":[59],"show":[60],"that":[61,194],"when":[62],"measuring":[63],"input-referred":[66,114,140],"resistance":[67],"resolution":[68,96],"10.5":[70],"\u03a9":[71],"100":[73,123],"Hz":[74,124],"integration":[75],"bandwidth.":[76,125],"Using":[77],"an":[78,93,107,113,128,190],"thermistor,":[80],"covers":[84],"temperature":[86,95],"range":[87,109,155],"of":[88,97,110,143,172],"0-75":[89],"<sup>\u00b0</sup>C":[90],"achieves":[92],"equivalent":[94],"16.4":[98],"mK<sub>rms</sub>.":[99],"current":[101,115],"mode,":[102,137],"has":[106],"input":[108],"0.5\u03bcA":[111],"noise":[116,142],"as":[117,119],"low":[118],"40.6":[120],"pA<sub>rms</sub>":[121],"Interfacing":[126],"on-chip":[129],"potentiostat,":[130],"glucose":[131],"chronoamperometry":[132],"demonstrated.":[134,211],"minimum":[139],"31.7":[144],"\u03bcV<sub>rms</sub>":[145],"achieved,":[147],"can":[151],"from":[156],"1.6":[157],"12":[159],"using":[160],"commercial":[162],"probe.":[164],"At":[165],"1.2":[167],"V":[168],"supply,":[169],"power":[170],"consumption":[171],"below":[177],"10":[178],"\u03bcW":[179],"all":[181],"three":[182],"measurement":[183],"modes.":[184],"Additionally,":[185],"includes":[189],"wireless":[192,201],"transmitter":[193],"implements":[195],"on-off":[196],"keying":[197],"modulation,":[198],"sensing":[203],"system":[204],"utilizing":[205],"FLL-based":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T14:59:36.786465","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
