{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381199068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2023.3287294","title":"Dense, 11 V-Tolerant, Balanced Stimulator IC with Digital Time-Domain Calibration for $&lt; $100\u2009nA Error","display_name":"Dense, 11 V-Tolerant, Balanced Stimulator IC with Digital Time-Domain Calibration for $&lt; $100\u2009nA Error","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381199068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2023.3287294","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37335793"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2023.3287294","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2023.3287294","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/216b9fec-8b91-493d-962f-09ccc1c3e50d","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081436844","display_name":"Maxime Feyerick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5485-8035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maxime Feyerick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5485-8035","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076274517","display_name":"Wim Dehaene","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6792-7965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wim Dehaene","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6792-7965","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1731,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87377791,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"5","first_page":"1166","last_page":"1176"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5927094221115112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5188554525375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.5124278664588928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5123552083969116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.5080187320709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.48701077699661255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4729968011379242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-domain","display_name":"Time domain","score":0.4622025489807129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.44252145290374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.34002619981765747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2048579454421997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1856517493724823}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5927094221115112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5188554525375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.5124278664588928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5123552083969116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.5080187320709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.48701077699661255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4729968011379242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.4622025489807129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.44252145290374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.34002619981765747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2048579454421997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1856517493724823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008839","descriptor_name":"Microelectrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008839","descriptor_name":"Microelectrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008839","descriptor_name":"Microelectrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008839","descriptor_name":"Microelectrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058117","descriptor_name":"Neural Prostheses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058117","descriptor_name":"Neural Prostheses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058117","descriptor_name":"Neural Prostheses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058117","descriptor_name":"Neural Prostheses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2023.3287294","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2023.3287294","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37335793","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37335793","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:20.500.12942/726885","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/20.500.12942/726885","pdf_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/216b9fec-8b91-493d-962f-09ccc1c3e50d","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401954","display_name":"Lirias (KU Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ieee Transactions On Biomedical Circuits And Systems, vol. 17 (5)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:20.500.12942/726885","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/20.500.12942/726885","pdf_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/216b9fec-8b91-493d-962f-09ccc1c3e50d","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401954","display_name":"Lirias (KU Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ieee Transactions On Biomedical Circuits And Systems, vol. 17 (5)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7054353308","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G0D6250N","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","funder_display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7811137056","display_name":"High resolution brain stimulation for visual prostheses","funder_award_id":"G0D6520N","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","funder_display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/03qtxy027"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322308","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4381199068.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4381199068.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542699763","https://openalex.org/W1806144281","https://openalex.org/W1966885893","https://openalex.org/W1971046436","https://openalex.org/W1971494066","https://openalex.org/W1984566507","https://openalex.org/W2024336262","https://openalex.org/W2073451535","https://openalex.org/W2090285495","https://openalex.org/W2090583902","https://openalex.org/W2101656718","https://openalex.org/W2107834717","https://openalex.org/W2112854909","https://openalex.org/W2126012359","https://openalex.org/W2127578324","https://openalex.org/W2128188461","https://openalex.org/W2130271501","https://openalex.org/W2137791946","https://openalex.org/W2140823559","https://openalex.org/W2145662372","https://openalex.org/W2148483191","https://openalex.org/W2150011256","https://openalex.org/W2153787766","https://openalex.org/W2319514052","https://openalex.org/W2575060568","https://openalex.org/W2577762902","https://openalex.org/W2735171681","https://openalex.org/W2767011766","https://openalex.org/W2791945743","https://openalex.org/W2909195745","https://openalex.org/W2911837683","https://openalex.org/W3096152429","https://openalex.org/W3097775566","https://openalex.org/W3119483195","https://openalex.org/W3170203354","https://openalex.org/W3192172680","https://openalex.org/W3199544981","https://openalex.org/W3207382873","https://openalex.org/W4205237820","https://openalex.org/W4205431456","https://openalex.org/W4248262636","https://openalex.org/W4304112936","https://openalex.org/W4308481155","https://openalex.org/W4308542387","https://openalex.org/W4309270020"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974895211","https://openalex.org/W2129841057","https://openalex.org/W3040712279","https://openalex.org/W2176409448","https://openalex.org/W2364769705","https://openalex.org/W2056136368","https://openalex.org/W2374664672","https://openalex.org/W4367555392","https://openalex.org/W2024367938","https://openalex.org/W2898383381"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,7,55,115,137,167],"multichannel":[4],"neurostimulator":[5],"implementing":[6],"novel":[8],"charge":[9,20,28],"balancing":[10,21],"technique":[11],"to":[12,26],"achieve":[13],"maximal":[14],"integration.":[15],"Safe":[16],"neurostimulation":[17],"demands":[18],"accurate":[19],"of":[22,47,58,68,92],"the":[23,31,44,48,69,99,104,112,158,163,182],"stimulation":[24,50,70],"waveforms":[25],"prevent":[27],"build-up":[29],"on":[30,54,191],"electrode-tissue":[32],"interface.":[33],"We":[34],"propose":[35],"<italic":[36],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[37,129],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">digital":[38],"time-domain":[39,78],"calibration</i>":[40],"(DTDC),":[41],"which":[42],"adjusts":[43],"second":[45],"phase":[46],"biphasic":[49],"pulses":[51],"digitally,":[52],"based":[53],"one-time":[56],"characterization":[57],"all":[59,192],"stimulator":[60,117,165],"channels":[61],"with":[62,148],"an":[63],"on-chip":[64],"ADC.":[65],"Accurate":[66],"control":[67],"current":[71],"amplitude":[72],"is":[73,94,144,162,185,197],"loosened":[74],"in":[75,120,136,166],"exchange":[76],"for":[77,98,146,153],"corrections,":[79],"relieving":[80],"circuit":[81,107],"matching":[82,108],"constraints":[83],"and":[84,103],"consequentially":[85],"saving":[86],"channel":[87],"area.":[88],"A":[89],"theoretical":[90],"analysis":[91],"DTDC":[93,113],"presented,":[95],"establishing":[96],"expressions":[97],"required":[100],"time":[101],"resolution":[102],"new,":[105],"relaxed":[106],"constraints.":[109],"To":[110,157],"validate":[111],"principle,":[114],"16-channel":[116],"was":[118],"implemented":[119,135],"65":[121,168],"nm":[122,169],"CMOS,":[123],"requiring":[124],"only":[125],"0.0141":[126],"mm":[127],"<inline-formula":[128],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[130],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[131],"area/channel.":[132],"Despite":[133],"being":[134],"standard":[138],"CMOS":[139],"technology,":[140],"10.4":[141],"V":[142,175],"compliance":[143],"achieved":[145],"compatibility":[147],"high-impedance":[149],"microelectrode":[150],"arrays":[151],"typical":[152],"high-resolution":[154],"neural":[155],"prostheses.":[156],"authors'":[159],"knowledge,":[160],"this":[161],"first":[164],"low-voltage":[170],"process":[171],"achieving":[172],"over":[173],"10":[174],"output":[176],"swing.":[177],"Measurements":[178],"after":[179],"calibration":[180],"show":[181],"DC":[183],"error":[184],"successfully":[186],"reduced":[187],"below":[188],"96":[189],"nA":[190],"channels.":[193],"Static":[194],"power":[195],"consumption":[196],"20.3":[198],"\u00b5W/channel.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2023-06-20T00:00:00"}
