{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380520247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2023.3285724","title":"Towards High-Resolution Ultrasound Neuromodulation With Crossed-Beam Phased Arrays","display_name":"Towards High-Resolution Ultrasound Neuromodulation With Crossed-Beam Phased Arrays","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380520247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2023.3285724","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37310841"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2023.3285724","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2023.3285724","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarsphere.psu.edu/resources/68d6b550-b9cb-4c0f-b3e4-0c9aacb52683/downloads/47284","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059642581","display_name":"Sheikh Jawad Ilham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2150-9538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sheikh Jawad Ilham","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056897984","display_name":"Mehdi Kiani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9310-8093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi Kiani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059642581"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3056,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7800472,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3","first_page":"534","last_page":"546"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10958","display_name":"Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10958","display_name":"Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10727","display_name":"Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phased-array","display_name":"Phased array","score":0.8906688690185547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transducer","display_name":"Transducer","score":0.606987714767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-steering","display_name":"Beam steering","score":0.5773150324821472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5403400659561157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.533328652381897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phased-array-optics","display_name":"Phased-array optics","score":0.5164508819580078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.48570331931114197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromodulation","display_name":"Neuromodulation","score":0.44852936267852783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasound","display_name":"Ultrasound","score":0.4299430549144745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perpendicular","display_name":"Perpendicular","score":0.4261329174041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phased-array-ultrasonics","display_name":"Phased array ultrasonics","score":0.42029494047164917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focused-ultrasound","display_name":"Focused ultrasound","score":0.4110947251319885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3610305190086365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2481263279914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.21331942081451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation","display_name":"Stimulation","score":0.1132020354270935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07295668125152588}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55494473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727898","display_name":"Phased array","level":3,"score":0.8906688690185547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56318395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215928","display_name":"Transducer","level":2,"score":0.606987714767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143148639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876192","display_name":"Beam steering","level":3,"score":0.5773150324821472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5403400659561157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.533328652381897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193860024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180973","display_name":"Phased-array optics","level":4,"score":0.5164508819580078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.48570331931114197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780375056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905905","display_name":"Neuromodulation","level":3,"score":0.44852936267852783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143753070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162564","display_name":"Ultrasound","level":2,"score":0.4299430549144745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199631012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205034","display_name":"Perpendicular","level":2,"score":0.4261329174041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15949995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180974","display_name":"Phased array ultrasonics","level":4,"score":0.42029494047164917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985948822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q564897","display_name":"Focused ultrasound","level":3,"score":0.4110947251319885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3610305190086365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2481263279914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.21331942081451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.1132020354270935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07295668125152588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006257","descriptor_name":"Head","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006257","descriptor_name":"Head","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006257","descriptor_name":"Head","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012886","descriptor_name":"Skull","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012886","descriptor_name":"Skull","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012886","descriptor_name":"Skull","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014159","descriptor_name":"Transducers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014159","descriptor_name":"Transducers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014159","descriptor_name":"Transducers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014464","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonic Therapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014464","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonic Therapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014464","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonic Therapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2023.3285724","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2023.3285724","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37310841","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37310841","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarsphere.psu.edu:931db7be-c9b7-45fa-8b49-b20a0d8be8f7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarsphere.psu.edu/resources/931db7be-c9b7-45fa-8b49-b20a0d8be8f7","pdf_url":"https://scholarsphere.psu.edu/resources/68d6b550-b9cb-4c0f-b3e4-0c9aacb52683/downloads/47284","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401507","display_name":"ScholarSphere (Penn State Libraries)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I3130638595","host_organization_name":"Pangasinan State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130638595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarsphere.psu.edu:931db7be-c9b7-45fa-8b49-b20a0d8be8f7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarsphere.psu.edu/resources/931db7be-c9b7-45fa-8b49-b20a0d8be8f7","pdf_url":"https://scholarsphere.psu.edu/resources/68d6b550-b9cb-4c0f-b3e4-0c9aacb52683/downloads/47284","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401507","display_name":"ScholarSphere (Penn State Libraries)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I3130638595","host_organization_name":"Pangasinan State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130638595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1937185409","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECCS-1942839","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G21566481","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECCS-2143557","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2296916099","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECCS-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5487634596","display_name":"High-Resolution Transcranial Ultrasound Neuromodulation at Large Scale","funder_award_id":"2143557","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8238712359","display_name":"CAREER: All-Acoustic Image-Guided Implantable Microscopic Ultrasound Neuromodulation","funder_award_id":"1942839","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/010xaa060"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337392","display_name":"Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/01krpsy48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380520247.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979495791","https://openalex.org/W1992635807","https://openalex.org/W2003984876","https://openalex.org/W2034950662","https://openalex.org/W2038522815","https://openalex.org/W2043919363","https://openalex.org/W2089845241","https://openalex.org/W2118562793","https://openalex.org/W2130244962","https://openalex.org/W2165375096","https://openalex.org/W2181053215","https://openalex.org/W2342608000","https://openalex.org/W2523568803","https://openalex.org/W2729591694","https://openalex.org/W2796388893","https://openalex.org/W2807786398","https://openalex.org/W2892218633","https://openalex.org/W2901751297","https://openalex.org/W2914408304","https://openalex.org/W2953093682","https://openalex.org/W2974811400","https://openalex.org/W2990419566","https://openalex.org/W2995958784","https://openalex.org/W2999783238","https://openalex.org/W3011296061","https://openalex.org/W3093131131","https://openalex.org/W3118418851","https://openalex.org/W3182542353","https://openalex.org/W3196136766","https://openalex.org/W4200344257","https://openalex.org/W4210517179","https://openalex.org/W4210982667","https://openalex.org/W4225898599","https://openalex.org/W6726925486","https://openalex.org/W6770834260"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2135356811","https://openalex.org/W2380924664","https://openalex.org/W2319905515","https://openalex.org/W2896640670","https://openalex.org/W2158170180","https://openalex.org/W4290716467","https://openalex.org/W2901580418","https://openalex.org/W2485832717","https://openalex.org/W2048938327","https://openalex.org/W4285152237"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Transcranial":[0],"focused":[1,78],"ultrasound":[2,19],"stimulation":[3,36],"(tFUS)":[4],"has":[5],"emerged":[6],"as":[7],"a":[8,69,94,139,181,185],"potential":[9],"noninvasive":[10],"therapeutic":[11],"technology.":[12],"Due":[13],"to":[14,33,44,75,147],"skull":[15,183],"attenuations":[16],"at":[17,81,118,123,138,159],"high":[18],"(US)":[20],"frequencies,":[21],"successful":[22],"tFUS":[23],"with":[24,111],"sufficient":[25],"penetration":[26],"depth":[27],"requires":[28],"sub-MHz":[29,129],"US":[30,46,58,79,102],"waves,":[31],"leading":[32],"relatively":[34,122],"poor":[35],"specificity":[37],"particularly":[38],"in":[39,62,167,177,191],"the":[40,45,88,128,148,155,169,178,192],"axial":[41],"direction":[42],"(perpendicular":[43],"transducer).":[47],"This":[48,85],"shortcoming":[49],"can":[50],"potentially":[51],"be":[52],"overcome":[53],"by":[54],"utilizing":[55],"two":[56,101,112],"individual":[57,156],"beams":[59,80],"properly":[60],"crossed":[61],"time":[63],"and":[64,91,184],"space.":[65],"For":[66],"large-scale":[67],"tFUS,":[68],"phased":[70,103,115,131,157],"array":[71,158],"is":[72],"also":[73,106,189],"required":[74],"dynamically":[76],"steer":[77],"desired":[82],"neural":[83],"targets.":[84],"article":[86],"presents":[87],"theoretical":[89],"foundation":[90],"optimization":[92],"(through":[93],"wave-propagation":[95],"simulator)":[96],"of":[97,142,151,154,180],"crossed-beam":[98,109,130,175],"formation":[99,110,176],"using":[100],"arrays.":[104],"It":[105],"experimentally":[107],"validates":[108],"custom-made":[113],"32-element":[114],"arrays":[116,132],"(operating":[117],"555.5":[119],"kHz)":[120],"positioned":[121],"different":[124],"angles.":[125],"In":[126],"measurements,":[127],"achieved":[133],"0.8/3.4":[134],"mm":[135,153,161],"lateral/axial":[136,149],"resolution":[137,150],"focal":[140,162,171],"distance":[141,163],"\u223c":[143],"46":[144],"mm,":[145],"compared":[146],"3.4/26.8":[152],"50":[160],"(\u223c":[164],"28.4-fold":[165],"improvement":[166],"reducing":[168],"main":[170],"zone":[172],"area).":[173],"The":[174],"presence":[179],"rat":[182],"tissue":[186],"layer":[187],"was":[188],"validated":[190],"measurements.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
