{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4379116798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2023.3282197","title":"A Study on Ultrasonic Wireless Power Transfer With Phased Array for Biomedical Implants","display_name":"A Study on Ultrasonic Wireless Power Transfer With Phased Array for Biomedical Implants","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4379116798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2023.3282197","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37267144"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2023.3282197","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2023.3282197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10664043/pdf/nihms-1936362.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036576804","display_name":"Zeinab Kashani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5656-1008"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zeinab Kashani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056897984","display_name":"Mehdi Kiani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9310-8093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi Kiani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036576804"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8446,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91120762,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"4","first_page":"713","last_page":"724"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-power-transfer","display_name":"Wireless power transfer","score":0.7106306552886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phased-array","display_name":"Phased array","score":0.7036007642745972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-sensor","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","score":0.5518438220024109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5306441187858582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-imaging","display_name":"Ultrasonic imaging","score":0.5121800899505615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4900416135787964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-power-transfer-theorem","display_name":"Maximum power transfer theorem","score":0.4716607332229614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.44164714217185974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4407285451889038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.4113653302192688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.40332722663879395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35743939876556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.3478241562843323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3138203024864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.31210559606552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22554951906204224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19240045547485352}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779423816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6856398","display_name":"Wireless power transfer","level":3,"score":0.7106306552886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55494473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727898","display_name":"Phased array","level":3,"score":0.7036007642745972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81288441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","level":2,"score":0.5518438220024109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5306441187858582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989478337","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234904","display_name":"Ultrasonic imaging","level":3,"score":0.5121800899505615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4900416135787964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17103352","display_name":"Maximum power transfer theorem","level":3,"score":0.4716607332229614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.44164714217185974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4407285451889038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.4113653302192688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.40332722663879395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35743939876556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3478241562843323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3138203024864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31210559606552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22554951906204224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19240045547485352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014159","descriptor_name":"Transducers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014159","descriptor_name":"Transducers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014159","descriptor_name":"Transducers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014159","descriptor_name":"Transducers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014465","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014465","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014465","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014465","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019736","descriptor_name":"Prostheses and Implants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019736","descriptor_name":"Prostheses and Implants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019736","descriptor_name":"Prostheses and Implants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019736","descriptor_name":"Prostheses and Implants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2023.3282197","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2023.3282197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37267144","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37267144","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10664043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10664043","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10664043/pdf/nihms-1936362.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10664043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10664043","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10664043/pdf/nihms-1936362.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3497591915","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(NIH)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G579334397","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECCS-1904811","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8714706287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R21EY030700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/010xaa060"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4379116798.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967356008","https://openalex.org/W1975125476","https://openalex.org/W1981953976","https://openalex.org/W1985088203","https://openalex.org/W2001960355","https://openalex.org/W2008552790","https://openalex.org/W2161585794","https://openalex.org/W2254501785","https://openalex.org/W2296225679","https://openalex.org/W2495352079","https://openalex.org/W2522532459","https://openalex.org/W2767684670","https://openalex.org/W2782399221","https://openalex.org/W2790547683","https://openalex.org/W2797024751","https://openalex.org/W2891517522","https://openalex.org/W2912891780","https://openalex.org/W2935281657","https://openalex.org/W2980108791","https://openalex.org/W2984596605","https://openalex.org/W2994059732","https://openalex.org/W3004732055","https://openalex.org/W3008994271","https://openalex.org/W3014253603","https://openalex.org/W3093921605","https://openalex.org/W3106660416","https://openalex.org/W3135694162","https://openalex.org/W3182542353","https://openalex.org/W4205635390","https://openalex.org/W4206235015","https://openalex.org/W4226206954","https://openalex.org/W4229449818","https://openalex.org/W4239838775","https://openalex.org/W4290716579","https://openalex.org/W4309242546","https://openalex.org/W6769711162","https://openalex.org/W6785934512"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205317126","https://openalex.org/W2763444231","https://openalex.org/W2766259844","https://openalex.org/W2740114034","https://openalex.org/W2996994402","https://openalex.org/W2944239825","https://openalex.org/W4327640760","https://openalex.org/W3009881542","https://openalex.org/W4312096221","https://openalex.org/W2156328659"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,45,52,55,59,76,80,84,93,133,181,194,210],"design,":[4],"fabrication,":[5],"and":[6,26,33,87,113,121,153,166],"sensitivity":[7,187],"analysis":[8],"of":[9,48,54,58,70,73,79,137,221,226],"an":[10,19],"ultrasound":[11],"(US)":[12],"wireless":[13],"power":[14,126,205,215],"transfer":[15],"(WPT)":[16],"link":[17,62],"using":[18,63,229],"external":[20],"phased":[21,195],"array.":[22],"Optimal":[23],"beam":[24,111],"focusing":[25,112],"steering":[27,114,176],"is":[28],"needed":[29],"for":[30],"efficient,":[31],"safe,":[32],"reliable":[34],"US":[35,60,66,130,142],"WPT":[36,61],"to":[37,117,127,188],"biomedical":[38],"implants":[39],"with":[40,110,144],"millimeter":[41],"(mm)":[42],"dimensions.":[43],"Therefore,":[44],"main":[46],"contributions":[47],"this":[49],"work":[50],"include":[51],"investigation":[53],"1)":[56],"performance":[57],"different":[64,71,128,231],"mm-sized":[65,129],"receivers,":[67],"2)":[68],"effect":[69,202],"types":[72],"errors":[74],"in":[75,193],"delay":[77],"profile":[78],"beamforming":[81],"system":[82],"on":[83,203],"delivered":[85,204],"power,":[86],"3)":[88],"implant's":[89,208],"localization.":[90],"In":[91],"measurements,":[92],"fabricated":[94],"0.94":[95],"MHz,":[96],"32-element":[97],"array":[98,196],"(39.48":[99],"\u00d7":[100,102],"9.6":[101],"2":[103,154],"mm<sup>3</sup>)":[104],"driven":[105],"by":[106,217],"25":[107],"V":[108],"pulses":[109],"capability":[115],"up":[116],"50":[118],"mm":[119,147,155,173],"depth":[120,174],"\u00b160<sup>o</sup>":[122],"angle":[123],"could":[124],"deliver":[125],"receivers":[131],"within":[132],"FDA":[134],"safety":[135],"limit":[136],"720":[138],"mW/cm<sup>2</sup>.":[139],"Specifically,":[140],"several":[141],"transducers":[143],"a":[145,171,199],"1":[146],"dimension":[148,156],"(sphere,":[149],"cubic,":[150],"disc":[151],"shape)":[152,158],"(disc":[157],"received":[159],"0.095":[160],"mW,":[161,163,165,168],"0.25":[162],"0.22":[164],"0.53":[167],"respectively,":[169],"at":[170],"30":[172],"(0<sup>o</sup>":[175],"angle).":[177],"Among":[178],"these":[179],"transducers,":[180],"sphere":[182],"shape":[183],"transducer":[184],"featured":[185],"less":[186],"misalignments.":[189],"A":[190],"random":[191],"error":[192],"delays":[197,220],"had":[198],"more":[200],"drastic":[201],"reduction.":[206],"For":[207],"localization,":[209],"measurement":[211],"results":[212],"demonstrated":[213],"comparable":[214],"delivery":[216],"measuring":[218],"pulse":[219],"only":[222],"5":[223],"elements":[224],"(out":[225],"32":[227],"elements)":[228],"4":[230],"interpolation":[232],"methods.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
