{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4360770802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2023.3261060","title":"UArch: A Super-Resolution Processor With Heterogeneous Triple-Core Architecture for Workloads of U-Net Networks","display_name":"UArch: A Super-Resolution Processor With Heterogeneous Triple-Core Architecture for Workloads of U-Net Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4360770802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2023.3261060","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37030837"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2023.3261060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2023.3261060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089781655","display_name":"Xuyang Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2609-846X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuyang Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100628855","display_name":"Yufan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5317-8867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yufan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100743030","display_name":"Menghan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9796-6471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Menghan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013065799","display_name":"Yitong Rong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7057-9925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yitong Rong","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035865522","display_name":"Ruiqi Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3585-3647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruiqi Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066674438","display_name":"Jun Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5245-0754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089781655"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1665,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89409196,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3","first_page":"633","last_page":"647"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7653300166130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5282225608825684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.523715078830719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.4537504017353058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.38251373171806335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.36317896842956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.16649171710014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1653202772140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11162137985229492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7653300166130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5282225608825684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.523715078830719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.4537504017353058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.38251373171806335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.36317896842956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.16649171710014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1653202772140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11162137985229492}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016526","descriptor_name":"Workload","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016526","descriptor_name":"Workload","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016526","descriptor_name":"Workload","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053704","descriptor_name":"Capsule Endoscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D053704","descriptor_name":"Capsule Endoscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D053704","descriptor_name":"Capsule Endoscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059629","descriptor_name":"Signal-To-Noise Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059629","descriptor_name":"Signal-To-Noise Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059629","descriptor_name":"Signal-To-Noise Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2023.3261060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2023.3261060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37030837","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37030837","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2519052758","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61934002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1885185971","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2088869937","https://openalex.org/W2094756095","https://openalex.org/W2149260990","https://openalex.org/W2158972481","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2242218935","https://openalex.org/W2289252105","https://openalex.org/W2503339013","https://openalex.org/W2614710595","https://openalex.org/W2753090066","https://openalex.org/W2795024892","https://openalex.org/W2798838583","https://openalex.org/W2801898794","https://openalex.org/W2886623847","https://openalex.org/W2891158090","https://openalex.org/W2906403229","https://openalex.org/W2947263797","https://openalex.org/W2963372104","https://openalex.org/W2963470893","https://openalex.org/W2963645458","https://openalex.org/W2966737464","https://openalex.org/W2987086740","https://openalex.org/W3034247386","https://openalex.org/W3047237654","https://openalex.org/W3049603761","https://openalex.org/W3096947210","https://openalex.org/W3102018640","https://openalex.org/W3126104941","https://openalex.org/W3163159351","https://openalex.org/W3174531399","https://openalex.org/W3175873985","https://openalex.org/W3176997885","https://openalex.org/W3183954477","https://openalex.org/W3190761184","https://openalex.org/W3195900252","https://openalex.org/W4210605464","https://openalex.org/W4249932213","https://openalex.org/W4250600009","https://openalex.org/W4285613754","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6798827403"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2049261842","https://openalex.org/W2983245704","https://openalex.org/W4386041267","https://openalex.org/W2898395619","https://openalex.org/W4210784895","https://openalex.org/W2545773065","https://openalex.org/W3210007660","https://openalex.org/W2091631669","https://openalex.org/W1534234863","https://openalex.org/W3032486492"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High-resolution":[0],"medical":[1,18,20,79],"images":[2,21,238],"are":[3,61],"of":[4,17,37,105,111,178,184,234],"critical":[5],"significance":[6],"to":[7,34],"improve":[8],"disease":[9],"diagnosis.":[10],"Limited":[11],"by":[12,172],"the":[13,38,102,129,158,214,244],"camera":[14],"and":[15,64,74,92,154,168,181,211,219,239],"power":[16],"devices,":[19],"often":[22,32,134],"have":[23],"very":[24],"low":[25,182],"resolution.":[26],"For":[27],"example,":[28],"wireless":[29],"capsule":[30],"endoscopes,":[31],"used":[33,135],"diagnose":[35],"diseases":[36],"small":[39],"bowel,":[40],"can":[41,69,164],"only":[42],"capture":[43],"low-resolution":[44],"endoscopic":[45,237],"images.":[46],"The":[47,98,118,199],"existing":[48],"super-resolution":[49],"(SR)":[50],"networks":[51],"perform":[52],"exceptionally":[53],"well":[54],"in":[55,71,136],"recovering":[56],"high-resolution":[57],"images,":[58],"but":[59],"they":[60],"computationally":[62],"expensive":[63],"require":[65],"high":[66,176,202],"bandwidth,":[67],"which":[68,100,132,205,220],"result":[70],"unacceptable":[72],"latency":[73,183],"bandwidth":[75],"requirements":[76],"for":[77,114,161,187],"embedded":[78],"devices.":[80],"In":[81],"this":[82],"paper,":[83],"we":[84],"propose":[85],"a":[86],"U-Net-based":[87],"SR":[88,94,109,130,138,171,195,230,247],"(USR)":[89],"network":[90],"structure":[91],"an":[93,108],"processor":[95,231],"named":[96],"UArch.":[97],"USR-s,":[99,174],"is":[101,133,206,221,232,240],"lightweight":[103],"version":[104],"USR,":[106],"has":[107,120],"performance":[110],"42.68":[112],"dB":[113,122],"\u00d72":[115,188],"scale":[116,170,189],"SR.":[117],"USR-s":[119],"0.3":[121],"higher":[123],"PSNR":[124],"(peak":[125],"signal-to-noise":[126],"ratio)":[127],"than":[128,243],"algorithm,":[131],"recent":[137],"hardware.":[139],"Based":[140],"on":[141,226],"well-designed":[142],"strategies,":[143],"including":[144],"heterogeneous":[145],"triple-core":[146],"architecture,":[147],"fine-grained":[148],"on-chip":[149],"memory":[150],"allocation,":[151],"out-of-order":[152],"execution,":[153],"sub-tensor-based":[155],"processing":[156],"flow,":[157],"UArch,":[159],"designed":[160],"U-Net":[162],"networks,":[163],"fulfill":[165],"\u00d72,":[166],"\u00d73,":[167],"\u00d74":[169],"deploying":[173],"achieving":[175],"throughput":[177],"60":[179],"fps":[180],"25":[185],"ms":[186],"1920":[190],"\u00d7":[191],"1080":[192],"output":[193],"image":[194],"at":[196],"156":[197],"MHz.":[198],"UArch":[200],"achieves":[201],"energy":[203],"efficiency":[204],"2264.5":[207],"GOPS/W":[208,223],"when":[209,224],"synthesized":[210],"evaluated":[212],"under":[213],"TSMC":[215],"28":[216],"nm":[217],"process":[218],"199.3":[222],"implemented":[225],"Xilinx":[227],"ZCU111.":[228],"Our":[229],"capable":[233],"reconstructing":[235],"high-quality":[236],"more":[241],"efficient":[242],"previous":[245],"state-of-the-art":[246],"processors.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}