{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308633987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2022.3220758","title":"Structural Attacks and Defenses for Flow-Based Microfluidic Biochips","display_name":"Structural Attacks and Defenses for Flow-Based Microfluidic Biochips","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308633987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2022.3220758","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36350866"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2022.3220758","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2022.3220758","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060559092","display_name":"Navajit Singh Baban","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5804-0070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120250893","display_name":"New York University Abu Dhabi","ror":"https://ror.org/00e5k0821","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120250893","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Navajit Singh Baban","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5804-0070","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120250893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049191318","display_name":"Sohini Saha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3572-6915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sohini Saha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075082496","display_name":"Ajymurat Orozaliev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4341-3641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120250893","display_name":"New York University Abu Dhabi","ror":"https://ror.org/00e5k0821","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120250893","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ajymurat Orozaliev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120250893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100322003","display_name":"Jongmin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6153-5058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120250893","display_name":"New York University Abu Dhabi","ror":"https://ror.org/00e5k0821","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120250893","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jongmin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120250893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062886706","display_name":"Sukanta Bhattacharjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4341-5380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1317621060","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati","ror":"https://ror.org/0022nd079","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1317621060"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sukanta Bhattacharjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317621060"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085600014","display_name":"Yong\u2010Ak Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8066-2933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120250893","display_name":"New York University Abu Dhabi","ror":"https://ror.org/00e5k0821","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120250893","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["AE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong-Ak Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE","Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering as well as Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8066-2933","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120250893"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering as well as Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059648257","display_name":"Ramesh Karri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7989-5617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramesh Karri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7989-5617","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033880864","display_name":"Krishnendu Chakrabarty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4475-6435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krishnendu Chakrabarty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4475-6435","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4307,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79758068,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"6","first_page":"1261","last_page":"1275"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11393","display_name":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11393","display_name":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11255","display_name":"Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9772999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochip","display_name":"Biochip","score":0.6951509118080139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4252779483795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3839205205440521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.35915255546569824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.1606869399547577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.14609399437904358}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87892846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864256","display_name":"Biochip","level":2,"score":0.6951509118080139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4252779483795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3839205205440521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35915255546569824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.1606869399547577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.14609399437904358}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016133","descriptor_name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016133","descriptor_name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016133","descriptor_name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044085","descriptor_name":"Microfluidics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044085","descriptor_name":"Microfluidics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044085","descriptor_name":"Microfluidics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2022.3220758","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2022.3220758","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36350866","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36350866","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W630365190","https://openalex.org/W1871988015","https://openalex.org/W1967456674","https://openalex.org/W2012498489","https://openalex.org/W2012931101","https://openalex.org/W2089831283","https://openalex.org/W2097627964","https://openalex.org/W2137130182","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2342876677","https://openalex.org/W2518623905","https://openalex.org/W2558580397","https://openalex.org/W2579985080","https://openalex.org/W2587789887","https://openalex.org/W2590310769","https://openalex.org/W2750603233","https://openalex.org/W2756940441","https://openalex.org/W2770340443","https://openalex.org/W2786231042","https://openalex.org/W2790583291","https://openalex.org/W2796013264","https://openalex.org/W2810184035","https://openalex.org/W2887839501","https://openalex.org/W2918109107","https://openalex.org/W2925434687","https://openalex.org/W2940609956","https://openalex.org/W2946716830","https://openalex.org/W2950800384","https://openalex.org/W2954508354","https://openalex.org/W2963061824","https://openalex.org/W2963684088","https://openalex.org/W2969635036","https://openalex.org/W3000715896","https://openalex.org/W3011992268","https://openalex.org/W3013776441","https://openalex.org/W3023897783","https://openalex.org/W3024093150","https://openalex.org/W3029816221","https://openalex.org/W3035784126","https://openalex.org/W3047753467","https://openalex.org/W3101647584","https://openalex.org/W3104181482","https://openalex.org/W3112923615","https://openalex.org/W3113770349","https://openalex.org/W3120333390","https://openalex.org/W3126899376","https://openalex.org/W3154332151","https://openalex.org/W3165276240","https://openalex.org/W3165838540","https://openalex.org/W3204415617","https://openalex.org/W3211320733","https://openalex.org/W4205393766","https://openalex.org/W4224992939","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W6685352114","https://openalex.org/W6714138976"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2364922518","https://openalex.org/W1995422305","https://openalex.org/W2361860382","https://openalex.org/W2379531326","https://openalex.org/W2604557458","https://openalex.org/W2544485685","https://openalex.org/W1834829329"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Flow-based":[0],"microfluidic":[1],"biochips":[2],"(FMBs)":[3],"have":[4],"seen":[5],"rapid":[6],"commercialization":[7],"and":[8,15,24,35,87,152,161],"deployment":[9],"in":[10,115,155],"recent":[11],"years":[12],"for":[13,136],"point-of-care":[14],"clinical":[16],"diagnostics.":[17],"However,":[18],"the":[19,43,57,60,92,156],"outsourcing":[20],"of":[21,59,91,158],"FMB":[22,61],"design":[23],"manufacturing":[25],"makes":[26],"them":[27],"susceptible":[28,30],"to":[29,31,64,146],"malicious":[32],"physical":[33],"level":[34],"intellectual":[36,126],"property":[37,127],"(IP)-theft":[38],"attacks.":[39],"This":[40],"work":[41],"demonstrates":[42],"first":[44],"structure-based":[45],"(SB)":[46],"attack":[47,71],"on":[48],"representative":[49],"commercial":[50],"FMBs.":[51],"The":[52,141],"SB":[53,101,151],"attacks":[54,154],"maliciously":[55],"decrease":[56],"heights":[58],"reaction":[62],"chambers":[63],"produce":[65],"false-negative":[66],"results.":[67],"We":[68],"validate":[69],"this":[70],"experimentally":[72],"using":[73,138],"fluorescence":[74,89],"microscopy,":[75],"which":[76],"showed":[77],"a":[78,131],"high":[79],"correlation":[80],"($R^{2}":[81],"=":[82],"0.987$)":[83],"between":[84],"chamber":[85],"height":[86],"related":[88],"intensity":[90],"DNA":[93],"amplified":[94],"by":[95],"polymerase":[96],"chain":[97],"reaction.":[98],"To":[99,122],"detect":[100],"attacks,":[102],"we":[103,129],"adopt":[104],"two":[105],"existing":[106],"deep":[107],"learning-based":[108],"anomaly":[109],"detection":[110],"algorithms":[111],"with$\\sim$96%":[112],"validation":[113],"accuracy":[114],"recognizing":[116],"such":[117],"deliberately":[118],"introduced":[119],"microstructural":[120],"anomalies.":[121],"safeguard":[123,148],"FMBs":[124,137,149],"against":[125,150],"(IP)-theft,":[128],"propose":[130],"novel":[132],"device-level":[133],"watermarking":[134],"scheme":[135],"intensity-height":[139],"correlation.":[140],"countermeasures":[142],"can":[143],"be":[144],"used":[145],"proactively":[147],"IP-theft":[153],"era":[157],"global":[159],"pandemics":[160],"personalized":[162],"medicine.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}