{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4288391516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2022.3194809","title":"A 26.5 pA<sub>rms</sub> Neurotransmitter Front-End With Class-AB Background Subtraction","display_name":"A 26.5 pA<sub>rms</sub> Neurotransmitter Front-End With Class-AB Background Subtraction","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4288391516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2022.3194809","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35900998"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2022.3194809","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2022.3194809","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085995396","display_name":"Da Ying","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2691-5009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Da Ying","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2691-5009","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037576223","display_name":"Joshua V. Rosenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1198-4514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua Rosenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054564652","display_name":"Naveen K. Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2197-052X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naveen K. Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040823901","display_name":"Drew A. Hall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-074X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Drew A. Hall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-074X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7356,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65437983,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":"692","last_page":"702"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitance","display_name":"Capacitance","score":0.46623891592025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analog-front-end","display_name":"Analog front-end","score":0.4643201231956482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.38669446110725403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.36192572116851807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3442094326019287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.335284948348999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33403998613357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3285338580608368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1384996771812439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.13173383474349976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.13029879331588745}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30066665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164399","display_name":"Capacitance","level":3,"score":0.46623891592025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778870119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16002927","display_name":"Analog front-end","level":3,"score":0.4643201231956482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.38669446110725403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.36192572116851807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3442094326019287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.335284948348999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33403998613357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3285338580608368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1384996771812439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.13173383474349976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.13029879331588745}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002244","descriptor_name":"Carbon","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002244","descriptor_name":"Carbon","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002244","descriptor_name":"Carbon","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004298","descriptor_name":"Dopamine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004298","descriptor_name":"Dopamine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004298","descriptor_name":"Dopamine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008839","descriptor_name":"Microelectrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008839","descriptor_name":"Microelectrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008839","descriptor_name":"Microelectrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018377","descriptor_name":"Neurotransmitter Agents","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018377","descriptor_name":"Neurotransmitter Agents","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018377","descriptor_name":"Neurotransmitter Agents","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2022.3194809","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2022.3194809","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35900998","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35900998","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8949963352","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECCS-1610516","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/010xaa060"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1603634537","https://openalex.org/W1965609522","https://openalex.org/W1987511091","https://openalex.org/W1988878611","https://openalex.org/W1993723732","https://openalex.org/W1996601343","https://openalex.org/W2003593541","https://openalex.org/W2020215984","https://openalex.org/W2022961682","https://openalex.org/W2028498644","https://openalex.org/W2034458814","https://openalex.org/W2046634580","https://openalex.org/W2049459393","https://openalex.org/W2050233777","https://openalex.org/W2057784541","https://openalex.org/W2060323122","https://openalex.org/W2062446797","https://openalex.org/W2071910361","https://openalex.org/W2078530990","https://openalex.org/W2088543435","https://openalex.org/W2103559062","https://openalex.org/W2108407998","https://openalex.org/W2134249260","https://openalex.org/W2142621880","https://openalex.org/W2156924083","https://openalex.org/W2161321963","https://openalex.org/W2164420848","https://openalex.org/W2167005367","https://openalex.org/W2277483030","https://openalex.org/W2295404782","https://openalex.org/W2411550141","https://openalex.org/W2579983465","https://openalex.org/W2607671730","https://openalex.org/W2609008982","https://openalex.org/W2760648984","https://openalex.org/W2767458146","https://openalex.org/W2771398433","https://openalex.org/W2892271309","https://openalex.org/W2897048066","https://openalex.org/W2965259349","https://openalex.org/W2987309209","https://openalex.org/W2987716324","https://openalex.org/W3020828971","https://openalex.org/W3083081621","https://openalex.org/W3129343311","https://openalex.org/W3210649219","https://openalex.org/W4226176503","https://openalex.org/W4231501498","https://openalex.org/W6715142912"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3014521742","https://openalex.org/W2347585086","https://openalex.org/W2617868873","https://openalex.org/W3204141294","https://openalex.org/W1527953837","https://openalex.org/W4386230336","https://openalex.org/W2042100038","https://openalex.org/W4306968100","https://openalex.org/W1966596465"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,102,154],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,97,105,143],"analog":[4,13],"front-end":[5],"(AFE)":[6],"for":[7],"fast-scan":[8],"cyclic":[9],"voltammetry":[10],"(FSCV)":[11],"with":[12,46,96,112,124,158],"background":[14,55],"subtraction":[15],"using":[16,165],"a":[17,32,64,76,81,86,113,125,137,169],"pseudo-differential":[18],"sensing":[19],"scheme":[20],"to":[21,42,50],"cancel":[22],"the":[23,29,34,54],"large":[24],"non-faradaic":[25],"current":[26,83],"before":[27],"seeing":[28],"front-end.":[30],"As":[31],"result,":[33],"AFE":[35,103],"can":[36],"be":[37],"compact":[38],"and":[39,52,85],"low-power":[40],"compared":[41],"conventional":[43],"FSCV":[44],"AFEs":[45],"dedicated":[47],"digital":[48],"back-ends":[49],"digitize":[51],"subtract":[53],"from":[56],"subsequent":[57],"recordings.":[58],"The":[59],"reported":[60],"AFE,":[61],"fabricated":[62],"in":[63],"0.18-":[65],"<inline-formula":[66,148],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[67,89,118,133,149],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[68,150],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\boldsymbol{\\mu}":[69],"$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[70,152],"m":[71],"CMOS":[72],"process,":[73],"consists":[74],"of":[75,109,146,167],"class-AB":[77],"common-mode":[78],"rejection":[79],"circuit,":[80],"low-input-impedance":[82],"conveyor,":[84],"1":[87,126],"<sup":[88],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">st</sup>":[90],"-order":[91],"current-mode":[92],"delta-sigma":[93],"(\u0394\u03a3)":[94],"modulator":[95],"infinite":[98],"impulse":[99],"response":[100],"quantizer.":[101],"achieves":[104],"effective":[106],"dynamic":[107],"range":[108],"83":[110],"dB":[111],"state-of-the-art":[114],"39.2":[115],"pA":[116,131],"<sub":[117,132],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">rms</sub>":[119,134],"input-referred":[120],"noise":[121],"when":[122],"loaded":[123],"nF":[127],"input":[128],"capacitance":[129],"(26.5":[130],"open-circuit)":[135],"across":[136],"5":[138],"kHz":[139],"bandwidth":[140],"while":[141],"consuming":[142],"average":[144],"power":[145],"3.7":[147],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\mu":[151],"W.":[153],"design":[155],"was":[156],"tested":[157],"carbon-fiber":[159],"microelectrodes":[160],"scanned":[161],"at":[162],"300":[163],"V/s":[164],"flow-injection":[166],"dopamine,":[168],"key":[170],"neurotransmitter.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}