{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285818299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2022.3192248","title":"A Load-Insensitive Hybrid LSK Back Telemetry System With Slope-Based Demodulation for Inductively Powered Biomedical Devices","display_name":"A Load-Insensitive Hybrid LSK Back Telemetry System With Slope-Based Demodulation for Inductively Powered Biomedical Devices","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285818299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2022.3192248","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35853074"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2022.3192248","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2022.3192248","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101407175","display_name":"Hyun-Su Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8408-1183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hyun-Su Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071243178","display_name":"Jisan Ahn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jisan Ahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064880518","display_name":"Minil Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6650-074X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minil Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042373004","display_name":"Hyung\u2010Min Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1191-3553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyung-Min Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101407175"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8471,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85083333,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":"651","last_page":"663"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telemetry","display_name":"Telemetry","score":0.867124080657959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demodulation","display_name":"Demodulation","score":0.8153541088104248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.49185633659362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4641242027282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4099721908569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4047424793243408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3623037338256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2700117230415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2514514625072479}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183121708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209867","display_name":"Telemetry","level":2,"score":0.867124080657959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.8153541088104248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.49185633659362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4641242027282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4099721908569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4047424793243408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3623037338256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2700117230415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2514514625072479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011211","descriptor_name":"Electric Power Supplies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011211","descriptor_name":"Electric Power Supplies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011211","descriptor_name":"Electric Power Supplies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013686","descriptor_name":"Telemetry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013686","descriptor_name":"Telemetry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013686","descriptor_name":"Telemetry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019736","descriptor_name":"Prostheses and Implants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019736","descriptor_name":"Prostheses and Implants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019736","descriptor_name":"Prostheses and Implants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2022.3192248","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2022.3192248","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35853074","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35853074","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1569638374","https://openalex.org/W1899148016","https://openalex.org/W1967356008","https://openalex.org/W1982987056","https://openalex.org/W2011569536","https://openalex.org/W2050293473","https://openalex.org/W2050943834","https://openalex.org/W2052410984","https://openalex.org/W2083166398","https://openalex.org/W2107860320","https://openalex.org/W2109889475","https://openalex.org/W2113705018","https://openalex.org/W2147306156","https://openalex.org/W2157392309","https://openalex.org/W2281940818","https://openalex.org/W2519020304","https://openalex.org/W2519298078","https://openalex.org/W2561559888","https://openalex.org/W2607299631","https://openalex.org/W2780144731","https://openalex.org/W2890191974","https://openalex.org/W2903202242","https://openalex.org/W2909195745","https://openalex.org/W2917176701","https://openalex.org/W2945449319","https://openalex.org/W2978394926","https://openalex.org/W3042621814","https://openalex.org/W3089462524","https://openalex.org/W3135474341","https://openalex.org/W3163543809","https://openalex.org/W3164182602","https://openalex.org/W3173724894","https://openalex.org/W3192424929","https://openalex.org/W4200161650","https://openalex.org/W4200186958","https://openalex.org/W4212876598","https://openalex.org/W4226437162","https://openalex.org/W4280615371"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2070863773","https://openalex.org/W4212896802","https://openalex.org/W2056771637","https://openalex.org/W748047311","https://openalex.org/W2359918844","https://openalex.org/W1996543123","https://openalex.org/W4298110012","https://openalex.org/W2063724594","https://openalex.org/W2023159518"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,10,21,26,149],"hybrid":[4],"load-shift":[5],"keying":[6],"(LSK)":[7],"modulation":[8,47],"for":[9,45],"load-insensitive":[11],"back":[12,79,144,176],"telemetry":[13,145],"system":[14,146],"to":[15,50,110,133,165],"realize":[16],"near-constant":[17],"voltage":[18,57,75,105],"changes":[19,58,76,106,115],"in":[20,48],"primary":[22],"coil":[23,123],"(L<sub>1</sub>)":[24],"against":[25,179],"wide":[27],"range":[28],"of":[29,40,73,88,103,126,154,171],"load":[30,90,114,160,180],"variations.":[31,181],"The":[32,92,142],"hybrid-LSK-enabled":[33],"full-wave":[34],"rectifier":[35],"enables":[36],"the":[37,63,70,78,89,101,134],"sequential":[38],"combination":[39],"open-":[41],"and":[42,119,168],"short-coil":[43,136],"functions":[44],"hybrid-LSK":[46,97],"addition":[49],"wireless":[51],"power":[52],"conversion":[53],"operation.":[54],"Load-insensitive":[55],"L<sub>1</sub>":[56,74,104],"can":[59],"be":[60,108],"demodulated":[61],"using":[62],"proposed":[64,143],"slope-":[65],"based":[66],"demodulator,":[67],"which":[68],"utilizes":[69],"threshold":[71],"slope":[72],"over":[77],"data":[80,85,169,177],"pulse":[81],"width,":[82],"enabling":[83],"robust":[84],"recovery":[86,178],"regardless":[87],"conditions.":[91],"0.56-mm<sup>2</sup>":[93],"0.18-\u03bcm":[94],"standard":[95],"CMOS":[96],"prototype":[98],"demonstrated":[99],"that":[100],"variation":[102],"could":[107],"minimized":[109],"60":[111],"mV":[112,140],"under":[113,159],"between":[116],"50":[117,120,163,166],"\u03a9":[118,164],"k\u03a9":[121,167],"at":[122],"separation":[124],"distance":[125],"10":[127],"mm,":[128],"achieving":[129],"88.2%":[130],"reduction":[131],"compared":[132],"conventional":[135],"LSK":[137],"with":[138],"510":[139],"variation.":[141],"also":[147],"achieved":[148],"bit":[150],"error":[151],"rate":[152,170],"(BER)":[153],"<":[155],"9.1":[156],"\u00d7":[157],"10<sup>-10</sup>":[158],"ranges":[161],"from":[162],"1":[172],"Mbps,":[173],"ensuring":[174],"reliable":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T08:04:53.788161","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
