{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4282982300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2022.3182907","title":"EDR-Net: Lightweight Deep Neural Network Architecture for Detecting Referable Diabetic Retinopathy","display_name":"EDR-Net: Lightweight Deep Neural Network Architecture for Detecting Referable Diabetic Retinopathy","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4282982300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2022.3182907","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35700260"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2022.3182907","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2022.3182907","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028124958","display_name":"Ahmad Bukhari Aujih","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Bukhari Aujih","raw_affiliation_strings":["CISIR, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISIR, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081758518","display_name":"Mohd Ibrahim Shapiai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0594-8231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohd Ibrahim Shapiai","raw_affiliation_strings":["MJIIT, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MJIIT, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079375904","display_name":"Fabrice M\u00e9riaudeau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-9913"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabrice Meriaudeau","raw_affiliation_strings":["ImViA, IFTIM, Universit&#x00E9; de Bourgogne Franche Comt&#x00E9; Dijon, Dijon, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ImViA, IFTIM, Universit&#x00E9; de Bourgogne Franche Comt&#x00E9; Dijon, Dijon, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034034713","display_name":"Tong Boon Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5721-6828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Boon Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["CISIR, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISIR, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028124958"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6177,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96712899,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"467","last_page":"478"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7034484148025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.6712885499000549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5872893333435059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-architecture","display_name":"Network architecture","score":0.49763086438179016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48800912499427795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4739927053451538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4719088673591614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4229053854942322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","score":0.4194626212120056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2915925979614258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1517201066017151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","score":0.11379146575927734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.11057043075561523}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7034484148025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.6712885499000549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5872893333435059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639681","display_name":"Network architecture","level":2,"score":0.49763086438179016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48800912499427795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4739927053451538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4719088673591614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4229053854942322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.4194626212120056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2915925979614258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1517201066017151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.11379146575927734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.11057043075561523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012372","descriptor_name":"ROC Curve","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012372","descriptor_name":"ROC Curve","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012372","descriptor_name":"ROC Curve","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2022.3182907","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2022.3182907","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35700260","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35700260","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2294829271","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"015ME0-124","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323380","funder_display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323380","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1549358575","https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W1969496006","https://openalex.org/W1981173869","https://openalex.org/W1996901117","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2113825239","https://openalex.org/W2115531174","https://openalex.org/W2152332944","https://openalex.org/W2158698691","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2233116163","https://openalex.org/W2279098554","https://openalex.org/W2300242332","https://openalex.org/W2487770199","https://openalex.org/W2524428287","https://openalex.org/W2529153069","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2557738935","https://openalex.org/W2598442119","https://openalex.org/W2745046963","https://openalex.org/W2769713325","https://openalex.org/W2775244861","https://openalex.org/W2789360655","https://openalex.org/W2793843524","https://openalex.org/W2828862258","https://openalex.org/W2883780447","https://openalex.org/W2885340141","https://openalex.org/W2888424632","https://openalex.org/W2903950532","https://openalex.org/W2924509510","https://openalex.org/W2928668369","https://openalex.org/W2952436003","https://openalex.org/W2962755172","https://openalex.org/W2963125010","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W2963703197","https://openalex.org/W2964334073","https://openalex.org/W2972246881","https://openalex.org/W2972869264","https://openalex.org/W2975307050","https://openalex.org/W2976645659","https://openalex.org/W2979927758","https://openalex.org/W3024471355","https://openalex.org/W3040372498","https://openalex.org/W3120215883","https://openalex.org/W3133702157","https://openalex.org/W3144104606","https://openalex.org/W4251742697","https://openalex.org/W4294371482","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W4297813615","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6632978964","https://openalex.org/W6638389677","https://openalex.org/W6638523607","https://openalex.org/W6638839971","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6677580257","https://openalex.org/W6679667936","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6685405536","https://openalex.org/W6686067075","https://openalex.org/W6695314431","https://openalex.org/W6727208969","https://openalex.org/W6737664043","https://openalex.org/W6747219329","https://openalex.org/W6753618346","https://openalex.org/W6760905285","https://openalex.org/W6767847294"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W4231775656","https://openalex.org/W4321487865","https://openalex.org/W2046435967","https://openalex.org/W4313906399","https://openalex.org/W4391266461","https://openalex.org/W2590798552","https://openalex.org/W2964954556","https://openalex.org/W2351938575","https://openalex.org/W2388359778"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Present":[0],"architecture":[1,47,63,71],"of":[2,38],"convolution":[3,14,67],"neural":[4],"network":[5],"for":[6,133],"diabetic":[7,108],"retinopathy":[8,109],"(DR-Net)":[9],"is":[10],"based":[11,136],"on":[12,81],"normal":[13],"(NC).":[15],"It":[16],"incurs":[17],"high":[18],"computational":[19],"cost":[20],"as":[21],"NC":[22],"uses":[23],"a":[24,29,59],"multiplicative":[25],"weight":[26,118],"that":[27,94],"measures":[28],"combined":[30],"correlation":[31],"in":[32,105],"both":[33],"cross-channel":[34],"and":[35,51,79,88,114],"spatial":[36],"dimension":[37],"layer's":[39],"inputs.":[40],"This":[41,54,128],"might":[42],"cause":[43],"the":[44,95],"overall":[45],"DR-Net":[46,62],"to":[48],"be":[49],"over-parameterised":[50],"computationally":[52],"inefficient.":[53],"paper":[55],"proposes":[56],"EDR-Net":[57,70,97],"-":[58],"new":[60],"end-to-end,":[61],"with":[64,74,102,120],"depth-wise":[65],"separable":[66],"module.":[68],"The":[69],"was":[72],"trained":[73],"DRKaggle-train":[75],"dataset":[76],"(35,126":[77],"images),":[78],"tested":[80],"two":[82,123],"datasets,":[83],"i.e.":[84],"DRKaggle-test":[85],"(53,576":[86],"images)":[87],"Messidor-2":[89],"(1,748":[90],"images).":[91],"Results":[92],"showed":[93],"proposed":[96],"achieved":[98],"predictive":[99],"performance":[100],"comparable":[101],"current":[103],"state-of-the-arts":[104],"detecting":[106],"referable":[107],"(rDR)":[110],"from":[111],"fundus":[112],"images":[113],"outperformed":[115],"other":[116],"light":[117],"architectures,":[119],"at":[121],"least":[122],"times":[124],"less":[125],"computation":[126],"cost.":[127],"makes":[129],"it":[130],"more":[131],"amenable":[132],"mobile":[134],"device":[135],"computer-assisted":[137],"rDR":[138],"screening":[139],"applications.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
