{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210583889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2022.3147954","title":"A 14-b 20-MS/s 78.8 dB-SNDR Energy-Efficient SAR ADC With Background Mismatch Calibration and Noise-Reduction Techniques for Portable Medical Ultrasound Systems","display_name":"A 14-b 20-MS/s 78.8 dB-SNDR Energy-Efficient SAR ADC With Background Mismatch Calibration and Noise-Reduction Techniques for Portable Medical Ultrasound Systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210583889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2022.3147954","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35104226"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2022.3147954","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2022.3147954","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001685886","display_name":"Yuhua Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1240-2878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhua Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1240-2878","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007872497","display_name":"Changying Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2590-4797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changying Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100635138","display_name":"Shubin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9942-0069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shubin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9942-0069","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039575274","display_name":"Zhangming Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7764-1928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhangming Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.082,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":110,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98454375,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"2","first_page":"200","last_page":"210"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10727","display_name":"Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11778","display_name":"Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/successive-approximation-adc","display_name":"Successive approximation ADC","score":0.6858452558517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.6360798478126526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.5283653736114502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5138733386993408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4999113082885742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.47687584161758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4643365144729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.4300585389137268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38612738251686096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.38020843267440796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3770376443862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.36430633068084717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3299536108970642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2444135546684265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23820596933364868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.21956244111061096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.16656455397605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09664702415466309}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60154766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2650458","display_name":"Successive approximation ADC","level":4,"score":0.6858452558517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.6360798478126526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5283653736114502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5138733386993408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4999113082885742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.47687584161758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4643365144729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.4300585389137268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38612738251686096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.38020843267440796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3770376443862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.36430633068084717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3299536108970642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2444135546684265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23820596933364868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.21956244111061096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.16656455397605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09664702415466309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2022.3147954","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2022.3147954","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35104226","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35104226","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1823938591","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62074119","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2320218852","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62021004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7260850582","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFA0706102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7289502488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62090040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7705247925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U19A2053","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8834403303","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61874174","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1532001878","https://openalex.org/W1963856886","https://openalex.org/W2046929794","https://openalex.org/W2051763066","https://openalex.org/W2052276427","https://openalex.org/W2084128580","https://openalex.org/W2131792101","https://openalex.org/W2164251692","https://openalex.org/W2266759453","https://openalex.org/W2341113025","https://openalex.org/W2799859329","https://openalex.org/W2883878442","https://openalex.org/W2889595172","https://openalex.org/W2906158412","https://openalex.org/W2920876983","https://openalex.org/W3005178570","https://openalex.org/W3013689876","https://openalex.org/W3110503372","https://openalex.org/W3116417019","https://openalex.org/W3116978700","https://openalex.org/W3200122696","https://openalex.org/W3206543090"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2759986866","https://openalex.org/W3205077634","https://openalex.org/W1535436919","https://openalex.org/W3156142317","https://openalex.org/W2260965739","https://openalex.org/W3027656099","https://openalex.org/W4391381487","https://openalex.org/W3110622930","https://openalex.org/W4385545089","https://openalex.org/W4401575680"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,31,34,42,58,79,120],"14-b":[4],"20-MS&#x002F;s":[5],"energy-efficient":[6],"SAR":[7,32,123],"ADC":[8,24,91,165,191],"in":[9,30,173],"65-nm":[10],"CMOS":[11],"technology":[12],"for":[13,52,89],"portable":[14],"medical":[15],"ultrasound":[16],"systems.":[17],"To":[18,107],"break":[19],"the":[20,23,27,44,49,53,66,70,75,86,90,98,104,109,113,117,129,135,143,149,164,190],"limitation":[21],"of":[22,69,112,181,189],"linearity":[25],"on":[26,74],"DAC":[28,54],"size":[29],"ADC,":[33],"background":[35],"mismatch":[36,131],"calibration":[37,132],"technique":[38,61,133,137],"is":[39,62,93,125,192],"employed.":[40],"As":[41],"result,":[43],"thermal":[45],"noise":[46,73],"will":[47],"be":[48],"major":[50],"constraint":[51],"size.":[55],"In":[56],"addition,":[57],"compact":[59],"noise-reduction":[60,136],"proposed":[63,130],"to":[64,96,102,176],"alleviate":[65],"adverse":[67],"impact":[68],"input-referred":[71],"comparator":[72,114],"effective":[76],"resolution.":[77],"Moreover,":[78],"2.5-V":[80],"on-chip":[81],"LDO,":[82],"which":[83],"serves":[84],"as":[85],"reference":[87,99],"generator":[88],"core,":[92],"also":[94,126],"integrated":[95],"guarantee":[97],"accuracy":[100],"and":[101,115,134,148,157],"suppress":[103],"supply":[105],"noise.":[106],"reduce":[108],"capacitive":[110],"load":[111],"boost":[116],"comparison":[118],"speed,":[119],"low":[121],"fan-in":[122],"logic":[124],"designed.":[127],"With":[128],"activated,":[138],"measured":[139],"results":[140],"indicate":[141],"that":[142],"peak":[144],"signal-to-noise-and-distortion":[145],"ratio":[146],"(SNDR)":[147],"spurious-free":[150],"dynamic":[151],"range":[152],"(SFDR)":[153],"achieve":[154],"78.8":[155],"dB":[156,183],"95.4":[158],"dB,":[159],"respectively.":[160],"At":[161],"20":[162],"MS&#x002F;s,":[163],"consumes":[166],"6.8mW":[167],"from":[168],"its":[169],"1.2":[170],"V&#x002F;3.3V":[171],"supplies":[172],"total,":[174],"leading":[175],"an":[177],"SNDR-based":[178],"Schreier":[179],"FOM":[180],"170.5":[182],"at":[184],"Nyquist.":[185],"The":[186],"active":[187],"area":[188],"450":[193],"&#x00D7;":[194],"540&#x03BC;m2.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
