{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3186577907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2021.3099865","title":"Wearable RF Near-Field Cough Monitoring by Frequency-Time Deep Learning","display_name":"Wearable RF Near-Field Cough Monitoring by Frequency-Time Deep Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3186577907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2021.3099865","mag":"3186577907","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34310320"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2021.3099865","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2021.3099865","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014447841","display_name":"Xiaonan Hui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3378-5225"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaonan Hui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3378-5225","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069449980","display_name":"Jianlin Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2633-8926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianlin Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2633-8926","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010958683","display_name":"Pragya Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2750-0147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pragya Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2750-0147","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084106379","display_name":"Thomas B. Conroy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4930-2248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas B. Conroy","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065321987","display_name":"Zijing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7647-5112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zijing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7647-5112","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021345838","display_name":"Edwin C. Kan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4733-4206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edwin C. Kan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4733-4206","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.853,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86041374,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"756","last_page":"764"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13289","display_name":"Infant Health and Development","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3611","display_name":"Pharmacy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10863","display_name":"Voice and Speech Disorders","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.7045398354530334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.5496044754981995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.547289252281189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.4999964237213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vibration","display_name":"Vibration","score":0.48401114344596863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.483452171087265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-band","display_name":"Frequency band","score":0.4801018536090851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.4547637104988098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4307101368904114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4174846112728119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3528365194797516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.34581711888313293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22829928994178772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.22098895907402039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.1728213131427765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.7045398354530334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.5496044754981995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.547289252281189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.4999964237213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198394728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3695508","display_name":"Vibration","level":2,"score":0.48401114344596863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.483452171087265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778116611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25110567","display_name":"Frequency band","level":3,"score":0.4801018536090851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.4547637104988098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4307101368904114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4174846112728119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3528365194797516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.34581711888313293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22829928994178772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22098895907402039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.1728213131427765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003371","descriptor_name":"Cough","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003371","descriptor_name":"Cough","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003371","descriptor_name":"Cough","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2021.3099865","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2021.3099865","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34310320","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34310320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495241980","https://openalex.org/W2015850700","https://openalex.org/W2026150550","https://openalex.org/W2049087478","https://openalex.org/W2067240267","https://openalex.org/W2075959322","https://openalex.org/W2089297649","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2122546849","https://openalex.org/W2126568521","https://openalex.org/W2128160875","https://openalex.org/W2141358579","https://openalex.org/W2148386802","https://openalex.org/W2154790436","https://openalex.org/W2156491296","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2279098554","https://openalex.org/W2289623484","https://openalex.org/W2320598647","https://openalex.org/W2324333583","https://openalex.org/W2325187736","https://openalex.org/W2327109843","https://openalex.org/W2518911984","https://openalex.org/W2546134918","https://openalex.org/W2614284214","https://openalex.org/W2771053025","https://openalex.org/W2797255086","https://openalex.org/W2806631314","https://openalex.org/W2885952360","https://openalex.org/W2889257687","https://openalex.org/W2898392282","https://openalex.org/W2910034164","https://openalex.org/W2912979420","https://openalex.org/W2921700212","https://openalex.org/W2965694894","https://openalex.org/W2972256782","https://openalex.org/W2979541474","https://openalex.org/W2994309414","https://openalex.org/W3013964275","https://openalex.org/W3023434799","https://openalex.org/W3023798538","https://openalex.org/W3025148261","https://openalex.org/W3031777179","https://openalex.org/W3045883910","https://openalex.org/W3092128991","https://openalex.org/W3092597243","https://openalex.org/W3095089476","https://openalex.org/W3110863870","https://openalex.org/W3128253855","https://openalex.org/W3151990941","https://openalex.org/W4251110382","https://openalex.org/W6629660944","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6695314431"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2294565841","https://openalex.org/W2611989081","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W3193565141","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3029198973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Coughing":[0],"is":[1,51,68,144,166,177],"a":[2,63,131],"common":[3],"symptom":[4],"for":[5,57,146],"many":[6],"respiratory":[7,106],"disorders,":[8],"and":[9,18,40,83,97,169],"can":[10,84,98,126],"spread":[11],"droplets":[12],"of":[13,112,153,159],"various":[14],"sizes":[15],"containing":[16],"bacterial":[17],"viral":[19],"pathogens.":[20],"Mild":[21],"coughs":[22],"are":[23,34],"usually":[24],"overlooked":[25],"in":[26],"the":[27,38,41,47,72,78,94,100,104,109,113,122,137,150,162,170],"early":[28],"stage,":[29],"not":[30,52],"only":[31],"because":[32,46],"they":[33],"barely":[35],"noticeable":[36],"by":[37,108,121,130],"person":[39],"people":[42],"around,":[43],"but":[44],"also":[45],"present":[48],"recording":[49],"method":[50],"comfortable,":[53],"private,":[54],"or":[55],"reliable":[56],"long-term":[58],"monitoring.":[59],"In":[60],"this":[61],"paper,":[62],"wearable":[64],"radio-frequency":[65],"(RF)":[66],"sensor":[67,91],"presented":[69],"to":[70,103],"recognize":[71],"mild":[73],"cough":[74,123],"signal":[75],"directly":[76],"from":[77,87],"local":[79],"trachea":[80],"vibration":[81,119],"characteristics,":[82],"isolate":[85],"interferences":[86],"nearby":[88],"people.":[89],"The":[90,116,140],"operates":[92],"at":[93],"ultra-high-frequency":[95],"band,":[96],"couple":[99],"RF":[101],"energy":[102],"upper":[105],"track":[107],"near":[110],"field":[111],"sensing":[114,141],"antenna.":[115],"retrieved":[117],"tissue":[118],"caused":[120],"airflow":[124],"burst":[125],"then":[127],"be":[128],"analyzed":[129,145],"convolutional":[132],"neural":[133],"network":[134],"trained":[135],"on":[136],"frequency-time":[138],"spectra.":[139],"antenna":[142],"design":[143],"performance":[147],"improvement.":[148],"During":[149],"human":[151],"study":[152],"5":[154],"participants":[155],"over":[156],"100":[157],"minutes":[158],"prescribed":[160],"routines,":[161],"overall":[163],"recognition":[164],"ratio":[165,173],"above":[167],"90%":[168],"false":[171],"positive":[172],"during":[174],"other":[175],"routines":[176],"below":[178],"2.09%.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
