{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3164513583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2021.3084152","title":"A 4-\u03bcW Analog Front End Achieving 2.4 NEF for Long-Term ECG Monitoring","display_name":"A 4-\u03bcW Analog Front End Achieving 2.4 NEF for Long-Term ECG Monitoring","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3164513583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2021.3084152","mag":"3164513583"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2021.3084152","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2021.3084152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033625784","display_name":"Wendi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2406-5103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wendi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063888012","display_name":"Hanjun Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4911-0748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanjun Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011774751","display_name":"Yue Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5651-3233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100356864","display_name":"Zhihua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-0759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033625784"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5014,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59096581,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"655","last_page":"665"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spurious-free-dynamic-range","display_name":"Spurious-free dynamic range","score":0.681570291519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analog-front-end","display_name":"Analog front-end","score":0.6585903167724609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.6004810333251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.5397714972496033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.5261304378509521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.47930780053138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.4718587100505829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.46422383189201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparator","display_name":"Comparator","score":0.4566355049610138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dc-bias","display_name":"DC bias","score":0.44521740078926086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chopper","display_name":"Chopper","score":0.44199004769325256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galvanic-isolation","display_name":"Galvanic isolation","score":0.42924410104751587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4278932213783264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.37222927808761597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.32143110036849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24279829859733582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-range","display_name":"Dynamic range","score":0.10871204733848572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.10061782598495483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09710773825645447}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119293636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657480","display_name":"Spurious-free dynamic range","level":3,"score":0.681570291519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778870119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16002927","display_name":"Analog front-end","level":3,"score":0.6585903167724609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.6004810333251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.5397714972496033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5261304378509521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.47930780053138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.4718587100505829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.46422383189201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155745195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1164179","display_name":"Comparator","level":3,"score":0.4566355049610138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88682704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2907415","display_name":"DC bias","level":3,"score":0.44521740078926086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780191706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191658","display_name":"Chopper","level":3,"score":0.44199004769325256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70234604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q780813","display_name":"Galvanic isolation","level":4,"score":0.42924410104751587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4278932213783264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.37222927808761597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.32143110036849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24279829859733582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87133666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161699","display_name":"Dynamic range","level":2,"score":0.10871204733848572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.10061782598495483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09710773825645447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2021.3084152","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2021.3084152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2368993261","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61661166010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3326638745","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFC0105603","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336026","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336026","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W53544777","https://openalex.org/W606099112","https://openalex.org/W1596078553","https://openalex.org/W1882885596","https://openalex.org/W1978696561","https://openalex.org/W1979679474","https://openalex.org/W1980051270","https://openalex.org/W1981625867","https://openalex.org/W1982540435","https://openalex.org/W1987758043","https://openalex.org/W2003444784","https://openalex.org/W2006949147","https://openalex.org/W2027087041","https://openalex.org/W2054295738","https://openalex.org/W2063779307","https://openalex.org/W2072003647","https://openalex.org/W2075135661","https://openalex.org/W2088350283","https://openalex.org/W2091540521","https://openalex.org/W2109340646","https://openalex.org/W2126012359","https://openalex.org/W2159318368","https://openalex.org/W2161390912","https://openalex.org/W2496884034","https://openalex.org/W2925376221","https://openalex.org/W2955739968","https://openalex.org/W2980007235","https://openalex.org/W2995977659","https://openalex.org/W3099734032","https://openalex.org/W3126348555","https://openalex.org/W4233660779","https://openalex.org/W6790040618"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2793761345","https://openalex.org/W2460596861","https://openalex.org/W2912609901","https://openalex.org/W2954563716","https://openalex.org/W2280717804","https://openalex.org/W2369445221","https://openalex.org/W2973470391","https://openalex.org/W2391530146","https://openalex.org/W2096061147","https://openalex.org/W4396575122"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"ultra-low-power":[1],"low-noise":[2],"analog":[3],"front":[4],"end":[5],"(AFE)":[6],"is":[7,121],"presented":[8],"in":[9,35,123],"this":[10],"work,":[11],"aiming":[12],"for":[13,19,127],"long-term":[14,128],"ECG":[15,129,135,142,149],"with":[16,25,87,111,137,144],"clear":[17,134],"P-waves":[18],"clinical":[20],"diagnose.":[21],"The":[22,102,118,140],"chopper":[23],"amplifier":[24],"passive":[26],"noise":[27,38,45,161],"filter":[28],"and":[29,76,94],"PWM":[30],"based":[31],"offset":[32,54,68],"cancellation":[33,55],"results":[34],"an":[36,97],"input-reference":[37],"of":[39,69,99,109,115,155],"0.39":[40],"\u03bcVrms,":[41],"which":[42],"shows":[43,151],"3.7X":[44],"improvements":[46],"among":[47,72],"the":[48,52,57,61,92,152,156,159],"state-of-the-art":[49],"designs.":[50],"With":[51],"digital":[53],"by":[56],"pulse-width":[58],"modulation":[59],"wave,":[60],"AFE":[62,104],"achieves":[63,105],"a":[64,77,106,112,124,133,145],"low":[65,78],"input-referred":[66],"dc":[67],"0.4":[70],"\u03bcV":[71],"9":[73],"tested":[74],"chips":[75],"drift":[79],"under":[80],"30":[81],"\u03bcV.":[82],"A":[83],"dynamic":[84],"scale":[85],"ADC":[86],"low-power":[88],"comparator":[89],"strategy":[90],"prevents":[91],"instability":[93],"signal-loss,":[95],"achieving":[96],"SFDR":[98],"71.6":[100],"dB.":[101],"proposed":[103],"noise-efficient-factor":[107],"(NEF)":[108],"2.4":[110],"power":[113],"consumption":[114],"4":[116],"\u03bcW.":[117],"fabricated":[119],"chip":[120],"demonstrated":[122],"miniature":[125],"prototype":[126],"monitoring":[130],"application,":[131],"presenting":[132],"waveform":[136],"visible":[138],"P-wave.":[139],"simultaneously":[141],"recording":[143],"medical":[146],"grade":[147],"12-lead":[148],"Holter":[150],"effective":[153],"acquisition":[154],"prototype,":[157],"proofing":[158],"better":[160],"performance.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-02-26T08:16:20.718346","created_date":"2021-06-07T00:00:00"}
