{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3017710891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2020.2988489","title":"Asynchronous Event-driven Encoder With Simultaneous Temporal Envelope and Phase Extraction for Cochlear Implants","display_name":"Asynchronous Event-driven Encoder With Simultaneous Temporal Envelope and Phase Extraction for Cochlear Implants","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3017710891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2020.2988489","mag":"3017710891","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32324566"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2020.2988489","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2020.2988489","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101862339","display_name":"Nan Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2773-2992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nan Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100340285","display_name":"Shiwei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5450-2108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["BE","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiwei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021668898","display_name":"Roman Genov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7506-1746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roman Genov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100435996","display_name":"Lei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7033-9806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038128148","display_name":"Derek Ho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1636-9032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derek Ho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101862339"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3472,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54202099,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"3","first_page":"620","last_page":"630"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10283","display_name":"Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.7458013892173767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.6535441875457764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.6020843982696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5382575392723083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5277339220046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/envelope-detector","display_name":"Envelope detector","score":0.5117433071136475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.492995947599411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/envelope","display_name":"Envelope (radar)","score":0.4202577769756317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3105718493461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1187710165977478}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.7458013892173767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.6535441875457764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.6020843982696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5382575392723083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5277339220046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95676537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1652250","display_name":"Envelope detector","level":4,"score":0.5117433071136475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.492995947599411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65155139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380912","display_name":"Envelope (radar)","level":3,"score":0.4202577769756317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3105718493461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1187710165977478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000162","descriptor_name":"Acoustics","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000162","descriptor_name":"Acoustics","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000162","descriptor_name":"Acoustics","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003054","descriptor_name":"Cochlear Implants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003054","descriptor_name":"Cochlear Implants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003054","descriptor_name":"Cochlear Implants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004582","descriptor_name":"Electronics, Medical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004582","descriptor_name":"Electronics, Medical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004582","descriptor_name":"Electronics, Medical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014831","descriptor_name":"Voice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014831","descriptor_name":"Voice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014831","descriptor_name":"Voice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044962","descriptor_name":"Data Compression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044962","descriptor_name":"Data Compression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044962","descriptor_name":"Data Compression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2020.2988489","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2020.2988489","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32324566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32324566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:446054","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/446054/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3521854752","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ITS/166/19","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321920","funder_display_name":"Innovation and Technology Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7807964811","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61501445","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321920","display_name":"Innovation and Technology Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/04vf9tr09"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1520534608","https://openalex.org/W1964434678","https://openalex.org/W1968348705","https://openalex.org/W1984421695","https://openalex.org/W1986196987","https://openalex.org/W1995429831","https://openalex.org/W2013972473","https://openalex.org/W2015214622","https://openalex.org/W2021318354","https://openalex.org/W2021364111","https://openalex.org/W2024185104","https://openalex.org/W2034602202","https://openalex.org/W2043155266","https://openalex.org/W2058319502","https://openalex.org/W2081043821","https://openalex.org/W2089510864","https://openalex.org/W2090920354","https://openalex.org/W2095888120","https://openalex.org/W2100995199","https://openalex.org/W2104758070","https://openalex.org/W2106257221","https://openalex.org/W2112854909","https://openalex.org/W2116120365","https://openalex.org/W2119543142","https://openalex.org/W2130056455","https://openalex.org/W2130360162","https://openalex.org/W2132626513","https://openalex.org/W2141722308","https://openalex.org/W2147913300","https://openalex.org/W2147962868","https://openalex.org/W2150486613","https://openalex.org/W2156114874","https://openalex.org/W2338057696","https://openalex.org/W2492237923","https://openalex.org/W2507385820","https://openalex.org/W2522945433","https://openalex.org/W2920145370","https://openalex.org/W2978232138","https://openalex.org/W3151328790"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W218750754","https://openalex.org/W1977098173","https://openalex.org/W10254331","https://openalex.org/W2114310652","https://openalex.org/W2116544146","https://openalex.org/W2371462043","https://openalex.org/W2424423710","https://openalex.org/W2030528948","https://openalex.org/W4387006066","https://openalex.org/W2385572229"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conventional":[0],"cochlear":[1,32],"implants":[2,33],"using":[3,142],"periodic":[4],"sampling":[5],"are":[6,57],"power":[7,69,105],"consuming":[8],"and":[9,15,59,74,102],"incapable":[10],"of":[11,17,35,66,77,97,107,127],"capturing":[12],"the":[13,18,37,52,64,75,129,143,152],"amplitude":[14],"phase":[16],"input":[19],"acoustic":[20],"signal":[21,53],"simultaneously.":[22],"This":[23],"paper":[24],"presents":[25],"an":[26,95],"asynchronous":[27,47],"event-driven":[28],"encoder":[29],"chip":[30,42,85],"for":[31],"capable":[34,126],"extracting":[36],"temporal":[38],"fine":[39],"structure.":[40],"The":[41],"architecture":[43],"is":[44,146],"based":[45],"on":[46],"delta":[48],"modulation":[49],"(ADM)":[50],"where":[51],"peak/trough":[54],"crossing":[55],"events":[56],"captured":[58],"digitized":[60],"intrinsically,":[61],"which":[62],"has":[63,103],"advantages":[65],"significantly":[67],"reduced":[68,71],"consumption,":[70],"circuit":[72],"area,":[73],"elimination":[76],"dedicated":[78],"data":[79],"compression":[80],"circuitry.":[81],"An":[82],"8-channel":[83],"prototype":[84],"was":[86,119],"fabricated":[87],"in":[88,151],"0.18":[89],"\u03bcm":[90],"1P6M":[91],"CMOS":[92],"process,":[93],"occupying":[94],"area":[96],"0.125":[98],"\u00d7":[99],"1.7":[100],"mm<sup>2</sup>":[101],"a":[104,111],"consumption":[106],"36.2":[108],"\u03bcW":[109],"from":[110,134],"0.6V":[112],"supply.":[113],"A":[114],"16-channel":[115],"stimulation":[116],"encoding":[117],"system":[118],"built":[120],"by":[121],"integrating":[122],"two":[123],"test":[124],"chips,":[125],"processing":[128],"entire":[130],"audible":[131],"frequency":[132],"range":[133],"100":[135],"Hz":[136],"to":[137,148],"10":[138],"kHz.":[139],"Experimental":[140],"characterization":[141],"human":[144],"voice":[145],"provided":[147],"corroborate":[149],"functionality":[150],"application":[153],"environment.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
