{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2996701032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2019.2959412","title":"An Integrated Multi-Channel Biopotential Recording Analog Front-End IC With Area-Efficient Driven-Right-Leg Circuit","display_name":"An Integrated Multi-Channel Biopotential Recording Analog Front-End IC With Area-Efficient Driven-Right-Leg Circuit","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2996701032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2019.2959412","mag":"2996701032","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31831435"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2019.2959412","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2019.2959412","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002523632","display_name":"Tao Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4474-1604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090209","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/009rw8n36","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210090209","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4474-1604","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090209","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042682339","display_name":"Wang Ling Goh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7466-8941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang Ling Goh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7466-8941","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015606018","display_name":"Lei Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9503-489X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090209","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/009rw8n36","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210090209","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146919","display_name":"Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03j1pdd39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146919"]}],"countries":["CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR,, Singapore","Shanghai Industrial \u03bcTechnology Research Institute, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR,, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090209","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Industrial \u03bcTechnology Research Institute, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005406774","display_name":"Jia Hao Cheong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090209","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/009rw8n36","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210090209","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Hao Cheong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics, A\u2217STAR, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, A\u2217STAR, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090209","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075642035","display_name":"Yuan Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0832-2982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090209","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/009rw8n36","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210090209","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics, A\u2217STAR, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0832-2982","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, A\u2217STAR, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090209","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9832,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72076986,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"297","last_page":"304"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analog-front-end","display_name":"Analog front-end","score":0.5441821813583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.49568021297454834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/front-and-back-ends","display_name":"Front and back ends","score":0.4956704378128052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-circuit","display_name":"Integrated circuit","score":0.4928896427154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4836069643497467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.473186731338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-radio","display_name":"Cellular radio","score":0.41379913687705994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3449908494949341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3140961527824402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.2755163908004761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2629213035106659}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778870119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16002927","display_name":"Analog front-end","level":3,"score":0.5441821813583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.49568021297454834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53016008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620167","display_name":"Front and back ends","level":2,"score":0.4956704378128052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.4928896427154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4836069643497467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.473186731338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986910011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17517","display_name":"Cellular radio","level":3,"score":0.41379913687705994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3449908494949341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3140961527824402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.2755163908004761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2629213035106659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000669","descriptor_name":"Amplifiers, Electronic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000669","descriptor_name":"Amplifiers, Electronic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000669","descriptor_name":"Amplifiers, Electronic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004568","descriptor_name":"Electrodiagnosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004568","descriptor_name":"Electrodiagnosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004568","descriptor_name":"Electrodiagnosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004582","descriptor_name":"Electronics, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004582","descriptor_name":"Electronics, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004582","descriptor_name":"Electronics, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035002","descriptor_name":"Lower Extremity","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035002","descriptor_name":"Lower Extremity","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035002","descriptor_name":"Lower Extremity","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2019.2959412","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2019.2959412","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31831435","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31831435","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/155175","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/155175","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2257776589","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IAF311022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335846","funder_display_name":"Biomedical Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320696","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335846","display_name":"Biomedical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03xy0wx88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1906184128","https://openalex.org/W1967356008","https://openalex.org/W1969122934","https://openalex.org/W1988256277","https://openalex.org/W2061752509","https://openalex.org/W2071680666","https://openalex.org/W2083295694","https://openalex.org/W2087704839","https://openalex.org/W2095273620","https://openalex.org/W2109429149","https://openalex.org/W2118727287","https://openalex.org/W2123027143","https://openalex.org/W2125661310","https://openalex.org/W2296102483","https://openalex.org/W2296106309","https://openalex.org/W2524158525","https://openalex.org/W2754896889","https://openalex.org/W2765737812","https://openalex.org/W2790038380","https://openalex.org/W2912237760","https://openalex.org/W2925376221","https://openalex.org/W2949263306","https://openalex.org/W6678599257"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019044074","https://openalex.org/W2744701634","https://openalex.org/W1988799405","https://openalex.org/W4391311879","https://openalex.org/W2079771749","https://openalex.org/W2146322466","https://openalex.org/W3144946090","https://openalex.org/W1974376478","https://openalex.org/W4306768468","https://openalex.org/W2040185614"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"multi-channel":[1],"biopotential":[2],"recording":[3],"analog":[4],"front-end":[5],"(AFE)":[6],"with":[7,79,143],"a":[8,39,102],"fully":[9,40],"integrated":[10,41],"area-efficient":[11],"driven-right-leg":[12],"(DRL)":[13],"circuit":[14,54,88,92,109],"is":[15,67,165,176],"presented":[16],"in":[17,86,101,158],"this":[18],"paper.":[19],"The":[20,51,95,107,153],"proposed":[21,52,96],"AFE":[22,65,97,136,155],"includes":[23],"10":[24],"channels":[25],"of":[26,138],"low-noise":[27],"capacitive":[28],"coupled":[29],"instrumentation":[30],"amplifier":[31],"(CCIA),":[32],"one":[33],"shared":[34],"10-bit":[35],"SAR":[36],"ADC":[37],"and":[38,124,171],"DRL":[42,53,71,87,108,122],"to":[43,89,118,129],"enhance":[44],"the":[45,56,59,64,70,91,119,172],"system-level":[46,130,174],"common-mode":[47,57],"rejection":[48],"ratio":[49],"(CMRR).":[50],"senses":[55],"at":[58],"CCIA":[60],"output":[61],"so":[62],"that":[63],"gain":[66,137],"reused":[68],"as":[69],"loop":[72],"gain.":[73],"Therefore,":[74],"area":[75,93,115],"efficient":[76],"unit-gain":[77],"buffer":[78],"small":[80],"averaging":[81],"capacitors":[82],"can":[83],"be":[84],"used":[85],"reduce":[90],"significantly.":[94],"has":[98],"been":[99],"implemented":[100],"standard":[103],"0.18-\u03bcm":[104],"CMOS":[105],"process.":[106],"achieved":[110],"more":[111],"than":[112],"85%":[113],"chip":[114],"reduction":[116],"compared":[117],"state-of-art":[120],"on-chip":[121],"circuits":[123],"maximum":[125,173],"60":[126,139],"dB":[127,141],"enhancement":[128],"CMRR.":[131],"Measurement":[132],"results":[133],"show":[134],"high/low":[135],"dB/54":[140],"respectively":[142],"1":[144,159],"\u03bcA/channel":[145],"current":[146],"consumption":[147],"under":[148],"1.0":[149],"V":[150],"power":[151],"supply.":[152],"measured":[154],"input-referred":[156],"noise":[157],"Hz":[160,163],"-":[161],"10k":[162],"range":[164],"4.2":[166],"\u03bcV":[167],"<sub":[168],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[169],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">rms</sub>":[170],"CMRR":[175],"110":[177],"dB.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}