{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2980536356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2019.2947130","title":"Frameworks for Efficient Brain-Computer Interfacing","display_name":"Frameworks for Efficient Brain-Computer Interfacing","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2980536356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2019.2947130","mag":"2980536356","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31613780"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2019.2947130","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2019.2947130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022644206","display_name":"Daniel Valencia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4539-8166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26538001","display_name":"San Diego State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0264fdx42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Valencia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049652060","display_name":"Jameson Thies","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3201-3669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26538001","display_name":"San Diego State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0264fdx42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jameson Thies","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082698655","display_name":"Amirhossein Alimohammad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0265-0774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26538001","display_name":"San Diego State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0264fdx42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amirhossein Alimohammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022644206"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8241,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84983348,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"6","first_page":"1714","last_page":"1722"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7704541683197021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spike-sorting","display_name":"Spike sorting","score":0.6587485671043396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interfacing","display_name":"Interfacing","score":0.5662773847579956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spike","display_name":"Spike (software development)","score":0.5299395322799683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-specific-integrated-circuit","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","score":0.5201511979103088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.5154650807380676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.5139234066009521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.45831602811813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-on-a-chip","display_name":"System on a chip","score":0.44117167592048645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.43793147802352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorting","display_name":"Sorting","score":0.4286208152770996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4247363209724426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.42260515689849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.38743656873703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3442400097846985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.14326947927474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10143023729324341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.09991297125816345}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7704541683197021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777613131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2003571","display_name":"Spike sorting","level":3,"score":0.6587485671043396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776303644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1020499","display_name":"Interfacing","level":2,"score":0.5662773847579956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781390188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25203449","display_name":"Spike (software development)","level":2,"score":0.5299395322799683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77390884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217302","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.5201511979103088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.5154650807380676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.5139234066009521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.45831602811813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118021083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q610398","display_name":"System on a chip","level":2,"score":0.44117167592048645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.43793147802352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111696304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303697","display_name":"Sorting","level":2,"score":0.4286208152770996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4247363209724426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.42260515689849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.38743656873703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3442400097846985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.14326947927474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10143023729324341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.09991297125816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044962","descriptor_name":"Data Compression","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044962","descriptor_name":"Data Compression","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044962","descriptor_name":"Data Compression","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056656","descriptor_name":"Lab-On-A-Chip Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056656","descriptor_name":"Lab-On-A-Chip Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056656","descriptor_name":"Lab-On-A-Chip Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2019.2947130","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2019.2947130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31613780","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31613780","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538482441","https://openalex.org/W1984566507","https://openalex.org/W1999118804","https://openalex.org/W2010208151","https://openalex.org/W2014265151","https://openalex.org/W2016123757","https://openalex.org/W2034569242","https://openalex.org/W2034726450","https://openalex.org/W2064030771","https://openalex.org/W2071128523","https://openalex.org/W2078376347","https://openalex.org/W2093695590","https://openalex.org/W2096424603","https://openalex.org/W2096473662","https://openalex.org/W2104734762","https://openalex.org/W2111652029","https://openalex.org/W2119235711","https://openalex.org/W2126470432","https://openalex.org/W2127218421","https://openalex.org/W2136104104","https://openalex.org/W2141325225","https://openalex.org/W2147946355","https://openalex.org/W2150214767","https://openalex.org/W2150479896","https://openalex.org/W2153416115","https://openalex.org/W2163922914","https://openalex.org/W2164895621","https://openalex.org/W2166595216","https://openalex.org/W2171406132","https://openalex.org/W2258695288","https://openalex.org/W2376234459","https://openalex.org/W2492362931","https://openalex.org/W2581587416","https://openalex.org/W2598736247","https://openalex.org/W2616997357","https://openalex.org/W2767072113","https://openalex.org/W2783864879","https://openalex.org/W2803360403","https://openalex.org/W2897776175","https://openalex.org/W2900268635","https://openalex.org/W2931322534","https://openalex.org/W2958596635","https://openalex.org/W4239719188","https://openalex.org/W6675835931","https://openalex.org/W6678914141"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3178771700","https://openalex.org/W1968361507","https://openalex.org/W3136143059","https://openalex.org/W2037099207","https://openalex.org/W3035015922","https://openalex.org/W2124872530","https://openalex.org/W2990250786","https://openalex.org/W2366422659","https://openalex.org/W4377004198","https://openalex.org/W2092500599"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"challenge":[1],"present":[2],"in":[3],"brain-computer":[4],"interface":[5],"(BCI)":[6],"circuits":[7],"is":[8,186],"finding":[9],"a":[10,55,133],"balance":[11],"between":[12],"real-time":[13],"on-chip":[14,77,105,125],"processing":[15,182],"in-vivo":[16,73,96,181],"and":[17,37,58,67,106,130,136,176,200],"wireless":[18,82,87,111],"transmission":[19,83,88,113],"of":[20,40,75,118,127,149,158,170,183,203],"neural":[21,52,154,184],"signals":[22,185],"for":[23,33,64,84,142,179],"off-chip":[24],"in-silico":[25],"processing.":[26,121],"This":[27],"article":[28],"presents":[29],"three":[30],"potential":[31],"frameworks":[32,173,196],"investigating":[34],"an":[35,152],"area-":[36,135],"energy-efficient":[38],"realization":[39],"BCI":[41,192],"circuits.":[42,205],"The":[43,69,90,166],"first":[44,144],"framework":[45,71,92],"performs":[46,72,93],"spike":[47,94,128,163],"detection":[48],"on":[49,54,97],"the":[50,76,98,116,124,143,147,171,190,194,198],"filtered":[51],"signal":[53,120],"brain-implantable":[56,99],"chip":[57,100],"only":[59],"transmits":[60],"detected":[61,78,103],"spikes":[62,79,104],"wirelessly":[63],"offline":[65],"classification":[66],"decoding.":[68],"second":[70],"compression":[74],"prior":[80],"to":[81,101,146,189],"substantially":[85],"reducing":[86,110],"overhead.":[89],"third":[91],"sorting":[95,129,164],"classify":[102],"hence,":[107],"even":[108],"further":[109],"data":[112],"rate":[114],"at":[115],"expense":[117],"more":[119,134],"To":[122],"alleviate":[123],"computation":[126],"also":[131],"utilizing":[132],"energy-effective":[137],"design,":[138],"this":[139],"work":[140],"employs,":[141],"time,":[145],"best":[148],"our":[150],"knowledge,":[151],"artificial":[153],"network":[155],"(ANN)":[156],"instead":[157],"using":[159],"relatively":[160],"computationally-intensive":[161],"conventional":[162],"algorithms.":[165],"ASIC":[167],"implementation":[168],"results":[169],"designed":[172],"are":[174],"presented":[175,195],"their":[177],"feasibility":[178],"efficient":[180],"discussed.":[187],"Compared":[188],"previously-published":[191],"systems,":[193],"reduce":[197],"area":[199],"power":[201],"consumption":[202],"implantable":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
