{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2952220643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2019.2923423","title":"A Battery-Less Portable ECG Monitoring System With Wired Audio Transmission","display_name":"A Battery-Less Portable ECG Monitoring System With Wired Audio Transmission","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2952220643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2019.2923423","mag":"2952220643","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31226084"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2019.2923423","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2019.2923423","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077084617","display_name":"Lianxi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9897-5361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lianxi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103212654","display_name":"Lei He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4679-5462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100691749","display_name":"Yi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1102-4433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022594670","display_name":"Tianyuan Hua","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyuan Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077084617"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5949,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65041163,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"697","last_page":"709"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.6061269044876099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.592385470867157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microphone","display_name":"Microphone","score":0.578408420085907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5452315807342529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.518925666809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chopper","display_name":"Chopper","score":0.5010488033294678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4662930369377136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4389963448047638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audio-signal","display_name":"Audio signal","score":0.43734681606292725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4235861003398895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.3819437623023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.37729328870773315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.32885581254959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.2605954110622406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.22796273231506348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loudspeaker","display_name":"Loudspeaker","score":0.09183180332183838}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.6061269044876099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.592385470867157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778263558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46384","display_name":"Microphone","level":3,"score":0.578408420085907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5452315807342529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.518925666809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780191706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191658","display_name":"Chopper","level":3,"score":0.5010488033294678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4662930369377136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4389963448047638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64922751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4650799","display_name":"Audio signal","level":3,"score":0.43734681606292725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4235861003398895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.3819437623023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.37729328870773315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.32885581254959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.2605954110622406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.22796273231506348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157138929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570","display_name":"Loudspeaker","level":2,"score":0.09183180332183838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005583","descriptor_name":"Fourier Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005583","descriptor_name":"Fourier Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005583","descriptor_name":"Fourier Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008991","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Physiologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008991","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Physiologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008991","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Physiologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011211","descriptor_name":"Electric Power Supplies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011211","descriptor_name":"Electric Power Supplies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011211","descriptor_name":"Electric Power Supplies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014173","descriptor_name":"Transistors, Electronic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014173","descriptor_name":"Transistors, Electronic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014173","descriptor_name":"Transistors, Electronic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2019.2923423","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2019.2923423","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31226084","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31226084","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5960172511","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61574103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6411212857","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1709218","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1566916904","https://openalex.org/W1568895036","https://openalex.org/W1977732283","https://openalex.org/W1981502496","https://openalex.org/W1986268159","https://openalex.org/W1995451961","https://openalex.org/W2018568511","https://openalex.org/W2037602868","https://openalex.org/W2040912879","https://openalex.org/W2073972886","https://openalex.org/W2083075814","https://openalex.org/W2102083806","https://openalex.org/W2108560657","https://openalex.org/W2116292707","https://openalex.org/W2151257260","https://openalex.org/W2153232339","https://openalex.org/W2169868332","https://openalex.org/W2395572751","https://openalex.org/W2409286099","https://openalex.org/W2477175099","https://openalex.org/W2523933401","https://openalex.org/W2524744787","https://openalex.org/W2578289720","https://openalex.org/W2582798323","https://openalex.org/W2792181492","https://openalex.org/W2894537442","https://openalex.org/W6648856864","https://openalex.org/W6677528699"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2376014514","https://openalex.org/W2391645806","https://openalex.org/W2387338363","https://openalex.org/W20937862","https://openalex.org/W2181931672","https://openalex.org/W2080606327","https://openalex.org/W2900802911","https://openalex.org/W1491775903","https://openalex.org/W2381245667"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,62,66,164,183,201],"batteryless":[4],"electrocardiogram":[5],"(ECG)":[6],"monitoring":[7,209],"chip":[8,36,160,199],"and":[9,22,31,37,56,65,91,104,126,142,145,169,218,241],"intelligent":[10],"system":[11,78,210],"with":[12,124,193],"wired":[13],"audio":[14,85,216],"transmission,":[15],"which":[16,121],"can":[17,146],"be":[18,147],"applied":[19],"to":[20,151,187],"long-term":[21],"real-time":[23],"ECG":[24,27],"monitoring.":[25],"The":[26,50,76,132,158,178,207,223],"signal":[28,70,81,235],"is":[29,39,119,236,246],"modulated":[30],"amplified":[32],"in":[33,71,88,109,163,220],"the":[34,42,46,54,72,80,83,95,128,136,152,155,189,194,198,215,221,228,233,242],"front-end":[35,73],"then":[38],"transmitted":[40],"through":[41,82,94],"microphone":[43],"channel":[44],"of":[45,135,154,175,204,232],"3.5-mm":[47],"headphone":[48,195],"cable.":[49],"sinusoidal":[51],"signals":[52],"from":[53],"left":[55],"right":[57],"channels":[58],"are":[59,107],"converted":[60],"into":[61],"dc":[63,185],"supply":[64],"precise":[67],"local":[68,102,129],"oscillator":[69,130],"chip,":[74],"respectively.":[75],"proposed":[77,137,159,208],"samples":[79],"high-precision":[84],"analog-to-digital":[86],"converter":[87],"smart":[89],"devices":[90],"processes":[92],"it":[93],"internal":[96],"software.":[97],"Therefore,":[98],"no":[99],"external":[100],"battery,":[101],"oscillator,":[103],"complicate":[105],"modules":[106],"required":[108],"this":[110],"system.":[111,190],"A":[112],"chopper/amplitude":[113],"modulation":[114],"(AM)":[115],"reused":[116],"mixer":[117],"amplifier":[118,138],"proposed,":[120],"combines":[122],"chopping":[123],"AM":[125],"reuses":[127],"signal.":[131,157],"closed-loop":[133],"gain":[134],"varies":[139],"between":[140],"20":[141],"47":[143],"dB":[144],"automatically":[148],"adjusted":[149],"according":[150],"amplitude":[153],"output":[156],"was":[161],"implemented":[162],"standard":[165],"0.18-\u03bcm":[166],"CMOS":[167],"process":[168],"occupies":[170],"1.07":[171],"\u00d7":[172],"0.95":[173],"mm<sup>2</sup>":[174],"core":[176],"area.":[177],"power":[179,188,203],"management":[180],"module":[181],"outputs":[182],"1.5-V":[184],"voltage":[186],"When":[191],"connected":[192],"cable":[196],"load,":[197],"consumes":[200],"total":[202,243],"156":[205],"\u03bcW.":[206],"has":[211],"been":[212],"verified":[213],"by":[214],"device":[217],"MATLAB":[219],"PC.":[222],"test":[224],"results":[225],"show":[226],"that":[227],"input":[229],"reference":[230],"noise":[231],"demodulated":[234],"2.12":[237],"\u03bcV<sub>rms</sub>":[238],"(0.1-200":[239],"Hz)":[240],"harmonic":[244],"distortion":[245],"0.56%@3":[247],"mV":[248],"input.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-06T13:50:29.536080","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}