{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2906307390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2018.2889536","title":"A Fully Integrated Current-Mode Continuous-Time Delta-Sigma Modulator For Biological Nanopore Read-Out","display_name":"A Fully Integrated Current-Mode Continuous-Time Delta-Sigma Modulator For Biological Nanopore Read-Out","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2906307390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2018.2889536","mag":"2906307390","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30582552"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2018.2889536","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2018.2889536","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057378550","display_name":"Mohammad Amayreh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Abdeljaleel Amayreh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fritz Huettinger Chair of Microelectronics, Department of Microsystems Engineering Imtek, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fritz Huettinger Chair of Microelectronics, Department of Microsystems Engineering Imtek, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048418308","display_name":"Gerhard Baaken","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerhard Baaken","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ionera Technologies GmbH, Freiburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ionera Technologies GmbH, Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003936492","display_name":"Jan C. Behrends","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9686-7263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan C. Behrends","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Membrane Physiology and Technology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Membrane Physiology and Technology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052080512","display_name":"Yiannos Manoli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2805-0539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiannos Manoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fritz Huettinger Chair of Microelectronics, Department of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fritz Huettinger Chair of Microelectronics, Department of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5575,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66149289,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11582","display_name":"Nanopore and Nanochannel Transport Studies","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oversampling","display_name":"Oversampling","score":0.8180282115936279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delta-sigma-modulation","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","score":0.7489737272262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5405536890029907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.5370890498161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5061361193656921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.49813365936279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flicker-noise","display_name":"Flicker noise","score":0.46775341033935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4529508650302887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.419253408908844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitance","display_name":"Capacitance","score":0.4192526936531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.4157390296459198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.34668928384780884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.31625521183013916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.315402090549469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2563251852989197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-figure","display_name":"Noise figure","score":0.15967190265655518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.13552618026733398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12249726057052612}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197323446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331222","display_name":"Oversampling","level":3,"score":0.8180282115936279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68754193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184820","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","level":3,"score":0.7489737272262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5405536890029907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.5370890498161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5061361193656921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.49813365936279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113873419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1410810","display_name":"Flicker noise","level":5,"score":0.46775341033935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4529508650302887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.419253408908844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30066665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164399","display_name":"Capacitance","level":3,"score":0.4192526936531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4157390296459198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34668928384780884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.31625521183013916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.315402090549469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2563251852989197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112806910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746825","display_name":"Noise figure","level":4,"score":0.15967190265655518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.13552618026733398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12249726057052612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000669","descriptor_name":"Amplifiers, Electronic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000669","descriptor_name":"Amplifiers, Electronic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000669","descriptor_name":"Amplifiers, Electronic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000703","descriptor_name":"Analog-Digital Conversion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000703","descriptor_name":"Analog-Digital Conversion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000703","descriptor_name":"Analog-Digital Conversion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005246","descriptor_name":"Feedback","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005246","descriptor_name":"Feedback","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005246","descriptor_name":"Feedback","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008839","descriptor_name":"Microelectrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008839","descriptor_name":"Microelectrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008839","descriptor_name":"Microelectrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025802","descriptor_name":"Electric Capacitance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025802","descriptor_name":"Electric Capacitance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025802","descriptor_name":"Electric Capacitance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058608","descriptor_name":"Nanopores","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058608","descriptor_name":"Nanopores","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058608","descriptor_name":"Nanopores","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059629","descriptor_name":"Signal-To-Noise Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059629","descriptor_name":"Signal-To-Noise Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059629","descriptor_name":"Signal-To-Noise Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2018.2889536","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2018.2889536","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30582552","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30582552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W245245344","https://openalex.org/W1526888119","https://openalex.org/W1592730805","https://openalex.org/W1970975244","https://openalex.org/W1977155868","https://openalex.org/W2001877634","https://openalex.org/W2034799931","https://openalex.org/W2047960751","https://openalex.org/W2053457342","https://openalex.org/W2067728058","https://openalex.org/W2078060525","https://openalex.org/W2094094681","https://openalex.org/W2120989880","https://openalex.org/W2121211505","https://openalex.org/W2126188731","https://openalex.org/W2166307883","https://openalex.org/W2316199348","https://openalex.org/W2327636250","https://openalex.org/W2346680365","https://openalex.org/W2478721325","https://openalex.org/W2550586733","https://openalex.org/W2770963164","https://openalex.org/W2790776250","https://openalex.org/W6670175445","https://openalex.org/W7073621638"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2187117146","https://openalex.org/W2168458874","https://openalex.org/W2182364715","https://openalex.org/W2297033155","https://openalex.org/W158968281","https://openalex.org/W2001722672","https://openalex.org/W2165206127","https://openalex.org/W2988796073","https://openalex.org/W173207959","https://openalex.org/W2025175629"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,103],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,31,43,78,87,127,133,153,174,195],"fully":[4],"integrated":[5],"low":[6,35],"noise":[7,32],"current-to-digital":[8],"converter":[9],"based":[10,129,172],"on":[11],"current-mode":[12,63],"continuous-time":[13,51],"delta-sigma":[14],"modulators":[15],"(CT":[16],"DSMs).":[17],"The":[18,146],"circuit":[19,85],"was":[20],"realized":[21],"in":[22],"standard":[23],"0.35":[24],"\u03bcm":[25],"complimentary":[26],"metal-oxide-semiconductor":[27],"process":[28],"and":[29,74,121,158,179],"achieves":[30,86],"floor":[33],"as":[34,36,116,118,130,132],"200":[37],"fA":[38],"<sub":[39],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[40,166,187],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">rms</sub>":[41],"within":[42],"bandwidth":[44],"of":[45,61,70,81,93,108,155,162,176,183,191,198],"10":[46],"kHz.":[47],"Thanks":[48],"to":[49,140],"the":[50,53,57,62,67,84,106,114,119,142,170],"architecture,":[52],"oversampling":[54],"together":[55],"with":[56],"implicit":[58],"anti-aliasing":[59,91,110],"behavior":[60],"CT":[64],"DSM":[65],"prevents":[66],"back":[68],"folding":[69],"any":[71],"out-of-band":[72,98],"signals":[73],"noises.":[75],"Running":[76],"at":[77,100,194],"sampling":[79],"frequency":[80],"1.6":[82],"MHz,":[83],"measured":[88],"worst":[89],"case":[90],"filtering":[92],"-110":[94],"dB":[95],"for":[96],"an":[97,109,160,181],"signal":[99],"1.59":[101],"MHz.":[102],"characteristic":[104],"eliminates":[105],"need":[107],"filter,":[111],"which":[112],"reduces":[113],"complexity":[115],"well":[117,131],"area":[120,161,182],"power":[122,154,175],"consumption.":[123],"Two":[124],"feedback":[125,150],"versions,":[126],"transistor":[128],"capacitor-based":[134],"current":[135,144,148],"division":[136,149],"have":[137],"been":[138],"used":[139],"reduce":[141],"reference":[143],"noise.":[145],"transistor-based":[147],"modulator":[151],"consumes":[152,173],"6.73":[156],"mW":[157,178],"occupies":[159,180],"0.63":[163],"mm":[164,185],"<sup":[165,186],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">-2</sup>":[167,188],",":[168],"whereas":[169],"capacitor":[171],"4.6":[177],"0.32":[184],".":[189],"Both":[190],"them":[192],"operate":[193],"supply":[196],"voltage":[197],"\u00b11.5":[199],"V.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
