{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2796416541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2018.2812818","title":"Molecular Detection for Unconcentrated Gas With ppm Sensitivity Using 220-to-320-GHz Dual-Frequency-Comb Spectrometer in CMOS","display_name":"Molecular Detection for Unconcentrated Gas With ppm Sensitivity Using 220-to-320-GHz Dual-Frequency-Comb Spectrometer in CMOS","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2796416541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2018.2812818","mag":"2796416541"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2018.2812818","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2018.2812818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100416995","display_name":"Cheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-1166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111454643","display_name":"Bradford Perkins","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bradford Perkins","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100380113","display_name":"Zihan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0531-8669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100751337","display_name":"Ruonan Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruonan Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100416995"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8019,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96461825,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"709","last_page":"721"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11111","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11111","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11160","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrometer","display_name":"Spectrometer","score":0.5869735479354858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytical-chemistry","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","score":0.542141854763031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4757792055606842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.44938036799430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.36442407965660095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.3531479835510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.30105093121528625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.21760255098342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.08927494287490845}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33390570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188463","display_name":"Spectrometer","level":2,"score":0.5869735479354858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.542141854763031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4757792055606842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.44938036799430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.36442407965660095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3531479835510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.30105093121528625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21760255098342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.08927494287490845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2018.2812818","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2018.2812818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6581481170","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECCS-1653100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/010xaa060"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W588279169","https://openalex.org/W651447696","https://openalex.org/W1123162562","https://openalex.org/W1973001677","https://openalex.org/W1975276044","https://openalex.org/W1984584114","https://openalex.org/W1985002217","https://openalex.org/W1987266183","https://openalex.org/W1988291388","https://openalex.org/W1992762364","https://openalex.org/W1999242325","https://openalex.org/W2026987908","https://openalex.org/W2054414447","https://openalex.org/W2058897154","https://openalex.org/W2082786365","https://openalex.org/W2092676355","https://openalex.org/W2120695740","https://openalex.org/W2138308932","https://openalex.org/W2155488357","https://openalex.org/W2174090751","https://openalex.org/W2174216967","https://openalex.org/W2265998428","https://openalex.org/W2311417522","https://openalex.org/W2463438220","https://openalex.org/W2495999619","https://openalex.org/W2526253744","https://openalex.org/W2563514669","https://openalex.org/W2580821439","https://openalex.org/W2592392853","https://openalex.org/W2593255492","https://openalex.org/W2605432134","https://openalex.org/W2766666440","https://openalex.org/W2776139088","https://openalex.org/W4234161145","https://openalex.org/W6650053844","https://openalex.org/W6685435377","https://openalex.org/W6733851869","https://openalex.org/W6734198177"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1615230877","https://openalex.org/W256685106","https://openalex.org/W4244513755","https://openalex.org/W2529526490","https://openalex.org/W1988942675","https://openalex.org/W2065686537","https://openalex.org/W2065792876","https://openalex.org/W2024980269","https://openalex.org/W4253707566","https://openalex.org/W2034252408"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Millimeter-wave/terahertz":[0],"rotational":[1,38],"spectroscopy":[2],"of":[3,37,43,110,122,130,159,188,218],"polar":[4],"gaseous":[5],"molecules":[6,111,197],"provides":[7],"a":[8,19,31,59,156,184,215],"powerful":[9],"tool":[10],"for":[11,146,194,204],"complicated":[12],"gas":[13,47,63,212],"mixture":[14],"analysis.":[15],"In":[16,115],"this":[17],"paper,":[18],"220-to-320-GHz":[20],"dual-frequency-comb":[21],"spectrometer":[22],"in":[23],"65-nm":[24],"bulk":[25],"CMOS":[26],"is":[27,220],"presented,":[28],"along":[29],"with":[30,65,90,214],"systematic":[32],"analysis":[33],"on":[34,58],"fundamental":[35],"issues":[36],"spectrometer,":[39,56],"including":[40],"the":[41,75,83,116,138,166],"impacts":[42],"various":[44],"noise":[45,128],"mechanisms,":[46],"cell,":[48],"molecular":[49],"properties,":[50],"detection":[51],"sensitivity,":[52],"etc.":[53],"Our":[54],"comb":[55,67],"based":[57],"high-parallelism":[60],"architecture,":[61],"probes":[62],"sample":[64],"20":[66],"lines":[68],"simultaneously.":[69],"It":[70],"does":[71],"not":[72],"only":[73],"improve":[74],"scanning":[76,103,139],"speed":[77,140],"by":[78],"20$\\times$,":[79],"but":[80],"also":[81],"reduces":[82],"overall":[84],"energy":[85],"consumption":[86],"to":[87],"90":[88],"mJ/point":[89],"1":[91,163],"Hz":[92,164],"bandwidth":[93],"(or":[94],"0.5":[95],"s":[96],"integration":[97],"time).":[98],"With":[99,155],"its":[100],"channelized":[101],"100-GHz":[102],"range":[104,109],"and":[105,125,141,150,162],"sub-kHz":[106],"specificity,":[107],"wide":[108],"can":[112],"be":[113],"detected.":[114],"measurements,":[117],"state-of-the-art":[118],"total":[119],"radiated":[120],"power":[121],"5.2":[123],"mW":[124],"single":[126],"sideband":[127],"figure":[129],"14.6-19.5":[131],"dB":[132],"are":[133,153],"achieved,":[134],"which":[135],"further":[136],"boost":[137],"sensitivity.":[142],"Finally,":[143],"spectroscopic":[144],"measurements":[145],"carbonyl":[147],"sulfide":[148],"(OCS)":[149],"acetonitrile":[151],"(CH$_3$CN)":[152],"presented.":[154],"path":[157],"length":[158],"70":[160],"cm":[161],"bandwidth,":[165],"measured":[167],"minimum":[168,185],"detectable":[169,186],"absorption":[170],"coefficient":[171],"reaches":[172,198],"$\\alpha":[173],"_{\\text{gas,min}}":[174],"=":[175],"\\text{7.2}\\times":[176],"\\text{10}^{-7}$":[177],"cm$^{-1}$":[178],".":[179],"For":[180],"OCS":[181],"that":[182],"enables":[183],"concentration":[187],"11":[189],"ppm.":[190],"The":[191],"predicted":[192],"sensitivity":[193],"some":[195],"other":[196],"ppm":[199,203],"level":[200,210],"(e.g.,":[201],"3":[202],"hydrogen":[205],"cyanide),":[206],"or":[207],"10":[208],"ppt":[209],"if":[211],"preconcentration":[213],"typical":[216],"gain":[217],"10$^5$":[219],"used.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2018-04-13T00:00:00"}
