{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2790881985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2018.2801566","title":"Towards an Integrated QR Code Biosensor: Light-Driven Sample Acquisition and Bacterial Cellulose Paper Substrate","display_name":"Towards an Integrated QR Code Biosensor: Light-Driven Sample Acquisition and Bacterial Cellulose Paper Substrate","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2790881985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2018.2801566","mag":"2790881985","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29877810"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2018.2801566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2018.2801566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081025966","display_name":"Mingquan Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9834-5741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingquan Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091344960","display_name":"Qisheng Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qisheng Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057870063","display_name":"Keng\u2010Ku Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1427-3494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keng-Ku Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006211092","display_name":"Srikanth Singamaneni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7203-2613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srikanth Singamaneni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034498144","display_name":"Shantanu Chakrabartty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1688-6286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shantanu Chakrabartty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2164,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.495739,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"452","last_page":"460"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11393","display_name":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11393","display_name":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12867","display_name":"Advanced Biosensing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analyte","display_name":"Analyte","score":0.7791241407394409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biosensor","display_name":"Biosensor","score":0.6828196048736572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellulose","display_name":"Cellulose","score":0.667958676815033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5903272032737732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substrate","display_name":"Substrate (aquarium)","score":0.5679171681404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inkwell","display_name":"Inkwell","score":0.4880620241165161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.47184255719184875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter-paper","display_name":"Filter paper","score":0.46625885367393494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.45095884799957275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacterial-cellulose","display_name":"Bacterial cellulose","score":0.4473930895328522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrocellulose","display_name":"Nitrocellulose","score":0.42343100905418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.40834105014801025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3225945234298706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.22046387195587158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membrane","display_name":"Membrane","score":0.2102404236793518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography","display_name":"Chromatography","score":0.1507786214351654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-engineering","display_name":"Chemical engineering","score":0.13921180367469788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09587672352790833}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10390740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2282401","display_name":"Analyte","level":2,"score":0.7791241407394409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160756335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q669391","display_name":"Biosensor","level":2,"score":0.6828196048736572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779251873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80294","display_name":"Cellulose","level":2,"score":0.667958676815033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5903272032737732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777289219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7632154","display_name":"Substrate (aquarium)","level":2,"score":0.5679171681404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109693293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496072","display_name":"Inkwell","level":2,"score":0.4880620241165161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.47184255719184875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28344629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910257","display_name":"Filter paper","level":2,"score":0.46625885367393494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.45095884799957275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779477270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4839982","display_name":"Bacterial cellulose","level":3,"score":0.4473930895328522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778954975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143874","display_name":"Nitrocellulose","level":3,"score":0.42343100905418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.40834105014801025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3225945234298706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.22046387195587158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.2102404236793518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.1507786214351654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13921180367469788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09587672352790833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001419","descriptor_name":"Bacteria","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001419","descriptor_name":"Bacteria","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001419","descriptor_name":"Bacteria","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002482","descriptor_name":"Cellulose","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002482","descriptor_name":"Cellulose","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002482","descriptor_name":"Cellulose","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006046","descriptor_name":"Gold","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006046","descriptor_name":"Gold","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006046","descriptor_name":"Gold","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010209","descriptor_name":"Paper","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010209","descriptor_name":"Paper","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010209","descriptor_name":"Paper","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D043942","descriptor_name":"Nanotubes","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D043942","descriptor_name":"Nanotubes","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D043942","descriptor_name":"Nanotubes","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2018.2801566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2018.2801566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29877810","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29877810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7691723301","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1533905","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/010xaa060"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484711905","https://openalex.org/W1498380623","https://openalex.org/W1635604571","https://openalex.org/W1964564038","https://openalex.org/W1970412285","https://openalex.org/W1976388545","https://openalex.org/W1991251435","https://openalex.org/W1995057502","https://openalex.org/W2010659423","https://openalex.org/W2033827153","https://openalex.org/W2033893350","https://openalex.org/W2040080388","https://openalex.org/W2043013877","https://openalex.org/W2059051133","https://openalex.org/W2065115894","https://openalex.org/W2068311077","https://openalex.org/W2072699280","https://openalex.org/W2081270882","https://openalex.org/W2083482673","https://openalex.org/W2090443572","https://openalex.org/W2090474555","https://openalex.org/W2091218781","https://openalex.org/W2120255779","https://openalex.org/W2152181938","https://openalex.org/W2165848335","https://openalex.org/W2184964051","https://openalex.org/W2217317199","https://openalex.org/W2218287097","https://openalex.org/W2275832075","https://openalex.org/W2397253996","https://openalex.org/W2414100278","https://openalex.org/W2494544153","https://openalex.org/W2517624899","https://openalex.org/W2548048041","https://openalex.org/W2743381307","https://openalex.org/W2760231446"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2087093262","https://openalex.org/W1979497766","https://openalex.org/W2782591486","https://openalex.org/W2433274689","https://openalex.org/W2783333276","https://openalex.org/W2883230074","https://openalex.org/W4285399475","https://openalex.org/W2378617552","https://openalex.org/W2463588210","https://openalex.org/W1990896576"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,29,152],"addresses":[2],"two":[3],"key":[4],"challenges":[5],"toward":[6,139],"an":[7],"integrated":[8],"forward":[9],"error-correcting":[10],"biosensor":[11,155],"based":[12],"on":[13],"our":[14],"previously":[15],"reported":[16],"self-assembled":[17],"quick-response":[18],"(QR)":[19],"code.":[20,37],"The":[21,82,116,144],"first":[22],"challenge":[23,84],"involves":[24,85],"the":[25,28,35,64,70,89,93,137,140],"choice":[26],"of":[27,63,74,88,142],"substrate":[30],"for":[31],"printing":[32,47],"and":[33,54,78,92,108],"self-assembling":[34],"QR":[36,94],"We":[38,59],"have":[39],"compared":[40],"four":[41,65],"different":[42],"substrates":[43,66],"that":[44,61,130],"includes":[45],"regular":[46],"paper,":[48,51,100],"Whatman":[49],"filter":[50],"nitrocellulose":[52],"membrane":[53],"lab":[55],"synthesized":[56],"bacterial":[57,67],"cellulose.":[58],"report":[60],"out":[62],"cellulose":[68],"outperforms":[69],"others":[71],"in":[72,119,150],"terms":[73],"probe":[75],"(gold":[76],"nanorods)":[77],"ink":[79],"retention":[80],"capability.":[81],"second":[83],"remote":[86],"activation":[87],"analyte":[90,138],"sampling":[91],"code":[95],"self-assembly":[96],"process.":[97],"In":[98],"this":[99,151],"we":[101,158],"use":[102],"light":[103,166],"as":[104,112],"a":[105,109,113,127,133],"trigger":[106],"signal":[107],"graphite":[110],"layer":[111],"light-absorbing":[114],"material.":[115],"resulting":[117],"change":[118],"temperature":[120,128],"due":[121,164],"to":[122,126,165],"infrared":[123],"absorption":[124],"leads":[125],"gradient":[129],"then":[131],"exerts":[132],"diffusive":[134],"force":[135],"driving":[136],"regions":[141],"self-assembly.":[143],"working":[145],"principle":[146],"has":[147],"been":[148],"verified":[149],"using":[153],"assembled":[154],"prototypes":[156],"where":[157],"demonstrate":[159],"higher":[160],"sample":[161],"flow":[162],"rate":[163],"induced":[167],"thermal":[168],"gradients.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
