{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2749170445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2017.2727219","title":"A Thermally Powered ISFET Array for On-Body pH Measurement","display_name":"A Thermally Powered ISFET Array for On-Body pH Measurement","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2749170445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2017.2727219","mag":"2749170445","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28858812"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2017.2727219","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2017.2727219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062890167","display_name":"Matthew Douthwaite","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9557-0708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Douthwaite","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9557-0708","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091037685","display_name":"Ermis Koutsos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ermis Koutsos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085283848","display_name":"David C. Yates","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David C. Yates","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011740491","display_name":"Paul D. Mitcheson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-7129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul D. Mitcheson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069244062","display_name":"Pantelis Georgiou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2476-3857"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pantelis Georgiou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062890167"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1499,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91903351,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"6","first_page":"1324","last_page":"1334"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10461","display_name":"Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isfet","display_name":"ISFET","score":0.8722483515739441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-specific-integrated-circuit","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","score":0.7071513533592224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5962178111076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5804969668388367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.5450092554092407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.512734055519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronics","display_name":"Electronics","score":0.4638635516166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-circuit","display_name":"Integrated circuit","score":0.45097559690475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.44376638531684875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.4349517822265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4038800001144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3911744952201843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-effect-transistor","display_name":"Field-effect transistor","score":0.28774282336235046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2118769884109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.20173737406730652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.14731624722480774}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154275363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904133","display_name":"ISFET","level":5,"score":0.8722483515739441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77390884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217302","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.7071513533592224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5962178111076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5804969668388367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.5450092554092407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.512734055519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138331895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650","display_name":"Electronics","level":2,"score":0.4638635516166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.45097559690475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.44376638531684875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.4349517822265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4038800001144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3911744952201843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145598152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176097","display_name":"Field-effect transistor","level":4,"score":0.28774282336235046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2118769884109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.20173737406730652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.14731624722480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006863","descriptor_name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006863","descriptor_name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006863","descriptor_name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2017.2727219","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2017.2727219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28858812","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28858812","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:spiral.imperial.ac.uk:10044/1/65180","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/65180","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401396","display_name":"Spiral (Imperial College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","host_organization_name":"Imperial College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"1334","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1548680965","https://openalex.org/W1887528451","https://openalex.org/W1963688805","https://openalex.org/W1964376276","https://openalex.org/W1971775068","https://openalex.org/W1986542223","https://openalex.org/W2004905658","https://openalex.org/W2010683549","https://openalex.org/W2012498490","https://openalex.org/W2028403508","https://openalex.org/W2052803981","https://openalex.org/W2056561440","https://openalex.org/W2064459599","https://openalex.org/W2079026833","https://openalex.org/W2087000982","https://openalex.org/W2098534191","https://openalex.org/W2106026808","https://openalex.org/W2112650153","https://openalex.org/W2116680017","https://openalex.org/W2141901012","https://openalex.org/W2151984008","https://openalex.org/W2167696419","https://openalex.org/W2266175888","https://openalex.org/W2305946569","https://openalex.org/W2338886149","https://openalex.org/W2401823338","https://openalex.org/W2460652072","https://openalex.org/W2467093478","https://openalex.org/W2508570152","https://openalex.org/W2557755347","https://openalex.org/W2592582803","https://openalex.org/W6684840683"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538524231","https://openalex.org/W289198894","https://openalex.org/W2896595209","https://openalex.org/W4210319942","https://openalex.org/W2791209250","https://openalex.org/W2183559057","https://openalex.org/W8358306","https://openalex.org/W2216584887","https://openalex.org/W309165247","https://openalex.org/W2006106470"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"advances":[1],"in":[2,19,85,213],"electronics":[3],"and":[4,47,73,89,111,117,145,202,216],"electrochemical":[5,209],"sensors":[6],"have":[7],"led":[8],"to":[9,95,108,129,170,178,193],"an":[10,62,91],"emerging":[11],"class":[12],"of":[13,25,61,76,127,136,190,206],"next":[14],"generation":[15],"wearables,":[16],"detecting":[17],"analytes":[18],"biofluids":[20],"such":[21],"as":[22,32,98],"perspiration.":[23],"Most":[24],"these":[26,174],"devices":[27],"utilize":[28],"ion-selective":[29],"electrodes":[30],"(ISEs)":[31],"a":[33,42,48,55,74,99,101,115,118,124,133,149,164],"detection":[34],"method;":[35],"however,":[36],"ion-sensitive":[37],"field-effect":[38],"transistors":[39],"(ISFETs)":[40],"offer":[41],"solution":[43],"with":[44],"improved":[45],"integration":[46],"low":[49,175],"power":[50,69,150,176],"consumption.":[51],"This":[52],"work":[53,198],"presents":[54],"wearable,":[56],"thermoelectrically":[57],"powered":[58,159],"system":[59],"composed":[60],"application-specific":[63],"integrated":[64,71,183],"circuit":[65],"(ASIC),":[66],"two":[67],"commercial":[68,77],"management":[70],"circuits":[72],"network":[75],"thermoelectric":[78],"generators":[79],"(TEGs).":[80],"The":[81,120,197],"ASIC":[82,192],"is":[83,139,168],"fabricated":[84],"0.35":[86],"m":[87],"CMOS":[88],"contains":[90],"ISFET":[92],"array":[93,144],"designed":[94],"read":[96],"pH":[97,134,195],"current,":[100],"processing":[102,146],"module":[103,147],"which":[104],"averages":[105],"the":[106,142,186,191,200,204],"signal":[107],"reduce":[109,171],"noise":[110,172],"encodes":[112],"it":[113],"into":[114],"frequency,":[116],"transmitter.":[119],"output":[121],"frequency":[122],"has":[123,148],"measured":[125],"sensitivity":[126],"6":[128,152],"8":[130],"kHz/pH":[131],"for":[132,210],"range":[135],"7-5.":[137],"It":[138],"shown":[140,169],"that":[141],"sensing":[143],"consumption":[151],"W":[153],"and,":[154],"therefore,":[155],"can":[156],"be":[157],"entirely":[158],"by":[160],"body":[161],"heat":[162],"using":[163],"TEG.":[165],"Array":[166],"averaging":[167],"at":[173],"levels":[177],"104":[179],"V":[180],"(input":[181],"referred":[182],"noise),":[184],"reducing":[185],"minimum":[187],"detectable":[188],"limit":[189],"0.008":[194],"units.":[196],"forms":[199],"foundation":[201],"proves":[203],"feasibility":[205],"battery-less,":[207],"on-body":[208],"perspiration":[211],"analysis":[212],"sports":[214],"science":[215],"healthcare":[217],"applications.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
