{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2285045004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2015.2508439","title":"Miniaturizing Ultrasonic System for Portable Health Care and Fitness","display_name":"Miniaturizing Ultrasonic System for Portable Health Care and Fitness","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2285045004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2015.2508439","mag":"2285045004","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26780818"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2015.2508439","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2015.2508439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060695259","display_name":"Hao-Yen Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hao-Yen Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054918251","display_name":"Dongjin Seo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1315-6456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongjin Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065706282","display_name":"Utkarsh Singhal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Utkarsh Singhal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100607340","display_name":"Xi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3559-4537"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039854529","display_name":"Michel M. Maharbiz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8577-4894"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michel M. Maharbiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110516457","display_name":"Elad Alon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elad Alon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049611380","display_name":"Bernhard E. Boser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3922-133X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernhard E. Boser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060695259"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6648,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96997675,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"6","first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10727","display_name":"Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10727","display_name":"Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11778","display_name":"Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11230","display_name":"Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transducer","display_name":"Transducer","score":0.6782746911048889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-specific-integrated-circuit","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","score":0.6735756993293762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-sensor","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","score":0.6408909559249878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.6352031826972961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6333717107772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.5609115958213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5145830512046814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piezoelectricity","display_name":"Piezoelectricity","score":0.498943567276001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4906062185764313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4576694965362549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.41859152913093567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3970780372619629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.38535526394844055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2935717701911926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2791023850440979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.27340710163116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.26412585377693176}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56318395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215928","display_name":"Transducer","level":2,"score":0.6782746911048889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77390884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217302","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.6735756993293762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81288441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","level":2,"score":0.6408909559249878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.6352031826972961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6333717107772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.5609115958213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5145830512046814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100082104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183759","display_name":"Piezoelectricity","level":2,"score":0.498943567276001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4906062185764313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4576694965362549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.41859152913093567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3970780372619629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.38535526394844055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2935717701911926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2791023850440979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.27340710163116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.26412585377693176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014159","descriptor_name":"Transducers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014159","descriptor_name":"Transducers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014159","descriptor_name":"Transducers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055616","descriptor_name":"Microtechnology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055616","descriptor_name":"Microtechnology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055616","descriptor_name":"Microtechnology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2015.2508439","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2015.2508439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26780818","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26780818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322589","display_name":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company","ror":"https://ror.org/02wx79d08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W576506256","https://openalex.org/W600282500","https://openalex.org/W1561075814","https://openalex.org/W1608770664","https://openalex.org/W1929472219","https://openalex.org/W1987427413","https://openalex.org/W2010770690","https://openalex.org/W2039527359","https://openalex.org/W2053099738","https://openalex.org/W2055570207","https://openalex.org/W2061646076","https://openalex.org/W2081038213","https://openalex.org/W2093859945","https://openalex.org/W2099786210","https://openalex.org/W2116966184","https://openalex.org/W2150601509","https://openalex.org/W2159442239","https://openalex.org/W2163795855","https://openalex.org/W2296225679","https://openalex.org/W2535274294","https://openalex.org/W2562121608","https://openalex.org/W6653080676","https://openalex.org/W6664371870","https://openalex.org/W6697260991"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W120386264","https://openalex.org/W2012283803","https://openalex.org/W4384820447","https://openalex.org/W2072454424","https://openalex.org/W2117438306","https://openalex.org/W2366424944","https://openalex.org/W2089829884","https://openalex.org/W2188338136","https://openalex.org/W3034962873","https://openalex.org/W2368609622"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"a":[2,9,13,55,84,107,167],"miniaturized":[3],"portable":[4],"ultrasonic":[5],"imager":[6,164],"that":[7],"uses":[8],"custom":[10],"ASIC":[11],"and":[12,19,47,60,64,105,131],"piezoelectric":[14,86],"transducer":[15,87],"array":[16],"to":[17,77,95],"transmit":[18],"capture":[20],"2-D":[21],"sonographs.":[22],"The":[23,50,89,138,158],"ASIC,":[24],"fabricated":[25],"in":[26],"0.18":[27],"\u03bcm":[28],"32":[29,65,79],"V":[30,58,63,66,80],"CMOS":[31],"process,":[32],"contains":[33],"7":[34],"identical":[35],"channels,":[36],"each":[37],"with":[38,72,98],"high-voltage":[39,41],"level-shifters,":[40],"DC-DC":[42],"converters,":[43],"digital":[44],"TX":[45],"beamformer,":[46],"RX":[48],"front-end.":[49],"chip":[51],"is":[52],"powered":[53],"by":[54],"single":[56],"1.8":[57],"supply":[59],"generates":[61],"5":[62,103,147],"internally":[67],"using":[68],"on-chip":[69],"charge":[70],"pumps":[71],"an":[73],"efficiency":[74,161],"of":[75,102,110,117,135,162,169],"33%":[76],"provide":[78],"pulses":[81],"for":[82],"driving":[83],"bulk":[85],"array.":[88],"assembled":[90],"prototype":[91],"can":[92,140,165],"operate":[93],"up":[94],"40":[96],"MHz,":[97],"beamformer":[99],"delay":[100],"resolution":[101],"ns,":[104],"has":[106],"measured":[108],"sensitivity":[109],"225":[111],"nV/Pa":[112],",":[113],"minimum":[114],"detectable":[115],"signal":[116],"622":[118],"Pa":[119],"assuming":[120],"12":[121],"dB":[122],"SNR":[123],"(":[124],"4\u03c3":[125],"larger":[126],"than":[127,152],"the":[128,163],"noise":[129],"level),":[130],"data":[132],"acquisition":[133],"time":[134],"21.3":[136],"ms.":[137],"system":[139],"image":[141],"human":[142],"tissue":[143],"as":[144,146],"deep":[145],"cm":[148],"while":[149],"consuming":[150],"less":[151],"16.5":[153],"\u03bcJ":[154],"per":[155],"pulse-echo":[156],"measurement.":[157],"high":[159],"energy":[160],"enable":[166],"number":[168],"consumer":[170],"applications.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}